Annotated Bibliography On Teaching And Teaching - 846 Words

Customized Learning Theory Paper-Annotated Bibliography Brittani Thomas Liberty University: EDUC 500 September 22, 2015 Customized Learning Theory Paper-Annotated Bibliography Hudgins, B.B., Riesenmy, M.R. (1994). Teaching self-direction to enhance children’s thinking in physical science. Journal of Educational Research, 88(1), 15. This article focused on the constant debate concerning the conditions in which students develop the skill of thinking critically. Being able to use critical thinking requires knowledge of facts and concepts about the subject matter. I found this article interesting because I think it is important that students develop critical thinking skills. Most scholarly articles tend to have an abstract that summarizes the papers entirety. Due to this this article is considered scholarly. Fang, Z., Wei, Y. (2010). Improving Middle School Students’ Science Literacy through Reading Infusion. Journal of Educational Research, 103(4), 262-273 There have been few studies focusing on the impact that reading comprehension has in the science curriculum on students science comprehension. Random students were selected to participate in either inquiry-based science only or inquiry-based science plus reading conditions. The results showed that students that performed in an inquiry-science based plus reading significantly outperformed the inquiry-based science only students. In the state of Georgia students must pass the stateShow MoreRelatedGeneral Movements Assessment ( An Annotated Bibliography1587 Words   |  7 Pages †¢ General Movements Assessment (Summer 2014) o As an innovative teaching practice, the student completed an annotated bibliography regarding the General Movements Assessment (see Artifact XI.F.vi.1). This annotated bibliography was subsequently utilized for development of the Institutional Review Board Application (submitted to Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland State University) as well as with faculty development of regional and national conference presentations (Using Prechtl’s Assessment of GeneralRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 Pagesthat in the end, it will be worth my time and my effort. In my short time to date in the program, my goals have expanded regarding to time management. I have planned the hours I will be working on my NCU assignments daily, both now and when I resume teaching in the Fall. Additionally, I have made goals to take care of myself physically, by walking at least 45 minutes every day after work to relieve stress. Also, notably, to ensure my spiritual life remains in balance, I wi ll continue attending ChurchRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Ten Roles For Teachers Leaders791 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Ten Roles for Teacher Leaders Harrison, C., Killion, J. (2007). Ten roles for teacher leaders. Educational Leadership, 65, 74-77. Summary Teacher leaders support their campuses in a variety of ways both formally and informally. The article outlines ten ways in which teachers can contribute to the success of their campus. 1. Resource Provider – Helps one another by sharing instructional resources. 2. Instructional Specialist – Helps colleagues implement teaching strategiesRead MoreEssay on Comparative Education Project1269 Words   |  6 PagesLichfield, Hereford and Worcester. ï‚ § 776  Alcuin established school at York. ï‚ § 1016  Canute became king of England: concerned about the education of poor boys. ï‚ § 1066  Norman invasion: French replaced English as vernacular medium for teaching Latin. ï‚ § 1096  Oxford: evidence of teaching. ï‚ § 1209  Cambridge: scholars arrived from Oxford. ï‚ § 1249  Oxford: University College established, followed by Balliol 1260, Merton 1264. History 1300-1800 ï‚ §    ï‚ § 1384  Grammar school opened at Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire:Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Barbuto, J. Wheeler, D. (2007). Becoming a servant leader: Do you have what it takes? Retrieved May 20, 2010 from http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/public/live/g148/g1841.pdf. This article poses a very vital question to the perspective leader. It simply asks, â€Å"Do you have what it takes to be a servant leader?† The authors ofRead MoreBmt500086 Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic Integrity violation Main Task: Prepare an Annotated Bibliography Using the guidelines and resources you’ve reviewed create an Annotated Bibliography consisting of the two articles listed as resources for this Activity. Length: 2 entries. Approximately 2-3 pages. Submit your document in the Course Work area below the Activity screen. Learning Outcome: 8 * Analyze research articles for construction of an Annotated Bibliography. ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreWorldwide Telecommunications1024 Words   |  5 PagesANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: WORLDWIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS Annotated Bibliography for Cultural Changes Inside Worldwide Telecommunications Pawny Abbasy, Jason Blanchard, Angela Zelandi University of Phoenix Essentials of College Writing Instructor: David Soyka Carte, Penny and Fox, Chris, (2004), Bridging the Culture Gap: A Practical Guide to International Business Communication, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, Retrieved November 17, 2006 from: http://www.amazon.com/gpRead MoreEvaluation Criteria for Text Sources1325 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation Criteria for Text Sources Title and Author of Source: Enoch, Jessica and Jordynn, Jack. Remembering Sappho: new perspectives on teaching and writing womens rhetorical history. College English 73(5): pp. 518-537. Print. (Copy). Retrieved from: ProQuest Database. [Accessed on 31 May 2012]. First, consult the document entitled Guidelines for Evaluating Sources. Then judge the credibility of the all the sources you located (use one worksheet for each source) according to each ofRead MoreA Candidate For The Ed.d833 Words   |  4 Pagesinterdisciplinary Education Studies in Long Island University as a well-balanced bilingual English and Korean linguist to use my language teaching, research, translating and interpreting between English and Korean in researching and developing more efficient and practical teaching and learning methodologies in SLA. Summary †¢ Accomplished teacher with extensive experience in teaching English/Korean languagelessons. †¢ Balanced bilingual linguist in Korean and English with exceptional linguistic skills and knowledgeRead MoreSignature Assesment Essay examples1054 Words   |  5 Pagesabout. Every time I hear the words â€Å"scholarly writing†, I think of Aristotle and Socrates for some reason, These two famous men from the beginning of antiquity, have impacted our souls and minds with such great wisdom, such as education and medical teachings that one can only imagine and this imagination for me is what I will sent out to achieve and finally turn an imagination into a dream, which will then turn into scholarly writing and finally into reality. So, traveling through time from antiquity

Marijuana Research Paper Free Essays

Legalization of marijuana for medical purposes has been proposed to help those who have severe illnesses or pain. While I myself am not a user of marijuana, I have seen the effects first hand of what it does to people. I do have an uncle who is fighting an extremely painful and evasive cancer so I know what it is like to have a relative in pain or suffering from a severe illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people argue that medical marijuana will be beneficial to such people, but this is not the case.Rather, corruption, legal conflicts, and potential abuse along with alternatives provided by continuing research lead the to the conclusion that marijuana should not be allowed as a treatment in the United States because of issues that have arisen with marijuana, as well as the dangers and risks associated with it. To fully understand the medical marijuana controversy, some basic information about it and why people are favoring it as a medical solution are needed. The whole issue began in 1996 when California voters passed Proposition 215.This allowed for the sale and medical use of marijuana for patients with severe illness or pain The main support for using marijuana for medical reasons would be to treat pain in patients with severe illness or those who are terminally ill. A few such illnesses would include AIDS/(HIV), arthritis, cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, ( Medical). Even though the intentions of using the drug as a medical option are good, the problems make the option it more harmful than beneficial. The biggest problem facing the legalization of marijuana is that the Cannabis Clinics, which are the Marijuana Distribution Centers, are targets of corruption. In a January 17, 2007 DEA press release, the U. S Drug Enforcement Administration spoke out about the centers when DEA Acting agent in charge said, â€Å"Today’s enforcement operations show that these establishments are nothing more than drug trafficking organizations bringing criminal activities to our neighborhoods and drugs near the children and schools†(qtd. In Medical 2009).Another official, Tom Bearden from Colorado stated on PBS: The new industry is medical marijuana, specifically, the commercial dispensaries that have opened in neighborhoods all over the state. At last count, Denver alone had over 300 clinics. More than the number of Starbucks is the oft-quoted statistic. Some residents are concerned the shops could lead to increased crime and encourage loitering near their homes. The dispensary industry has blossomed virtually overnight, with few regulations or rules, and left politicians at the state and local level scrambling to catch up(qtd in Marijuana).With dispensaries popping up on all the street corners people will start questioning the legitimate motive behind these explosive uprisings, the last thing the government needs or wants is to create an uproar of distrust and fear of safety throughout the general public. From this we can see the very negative effects the medical marijuana dispensaries would have on the surrounding communities. Another problem is that doctors are put in a tight position in regard to recommending medical marijuana.The Office of National Drug Control and Policy made a statement in 1996 policy titled â€Å"The Administration’s Response to the Passage of California Proposition 215†. Which stated, â€Å"A practitioner’s action of recommending or prescribing Schedule 1 controlled substances is not consistent with the ‘public interests’(as that phrase is used in the Controlled Substances Act) and will lead to administrative action by the Drug Enforcement Administration to revoke the practitioner’s registration’(qtd. in Medical).Even though California passed proposition 215 to legalize the use of medical marijuana, the Office of National Drug Control still does not agree with this decision, this creates an issue because doctors are then put into the position of advocating for the patient and following the Drug Administration’s rules without causing conflict. Denver City councilman Charlie Brown, stated â€Å"that it is like picking your teeth with a rattle snake. If you have ever tried it you know it is extremely hard to do† (Marijuana).Not only does the medical marijuana option have these legal conflicts, but it also has dangers and risks. The biggest danger is the fact that the results of marijuana use are worse than the supposed â€Å"cure† that it is supposed to be, because it has many harmful chemicals in it. According to the U. S DEA, smoked marijuana contains more than four-hundred different kinds of chemicals, including most of the hazardous chemicals found in tobacco smoke. One example is that there is four times the amount of tar in a marijuana cigarette than in a normal tobacco cigarette (Medical 2009). As you can clearly see, these can reate even more health problems, such as cancer, and research has shown that the amount of tar in a normal cigarette causes a person to lose 11 minutes of their life, that is 44 minutes every time someone wants to smoke weed (Marijuana: Facts). On average a smoker that has started smoking when they turn 18 lose around 14 years of their lives due to complications from smoking. Another negative association marijuana is that marijuana can be addictive, even though very few people can become addicted to marijuana the few that do can suffer extreme consequences, â€Å"some frequent, heavy marijuana users develop â€Å"tolerance† to its effects.This means they need l arger and larger amounts of marijuana to get the same desired effects as they used to get from smaller amounts† (Marijuana: Facts). This can cause an even worse outcome, which is a yearning for harder drugs. In 1999, the Institute of Medicine published a report stating, â€Å"In summary, although few marijuana users develop dependency, some do† (Medical). Even though they say only some people become addicted, that is still too high a risk. Because of all the problems and dangers associated with marijuana, there are more beneficial ways to help citizens with a severe illness.The better alternative to the medical marijuana controversy is to continue research in finding other methods to help people with illnesses. Researching other methods have been beneficial in the past few years. Since 1990, Scientists have discovered and created over 300 completely medicines, vaccines, and biologics approved by the FDA to treat over one hundred and fifty conditions (Saving). All of these were created with safety in mind, which is more than I can say for medical marijuana. This shows a greater impact on the U. S through research than if we started to allow medical marijuana.Also, many new innovative medicines make it possible to prevent or slow the progress of many diseases to avoid costly hospitalization and invasive surgery. Between 1980 and 2000, the number of hospital days fell by 56%. As a result, Americans avoided 206 million days of hospital care in 2000 alone because of our investment in health care (Saving). But even though reports of medical discoveries are in the news nearly every day, new cures, treatments, prevention approaches and diagnostics are actually the products of a long and arduous process† (Fulfilling the Promise).Cynthia Kenyon a Ph. D stated: Americans have benefited from tremendous progress in medical research over the past 60 years. Today, people are living longer and healthier lives thanks in significant part to NIH funded research conducted by physicians and scientists at the nation’s medical schools and teaching hospitals. Scientists’ knowledge of disease is growing rapidly and today they are tackling diseases more complex than ever before such as like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia ( qtd in Saving). I have personally witnessed the positive effects of such research.When my Uncle was in the middle of his battle with cancer, he underwent many extensive treatments. He made significant progress through many months while undergoing chemo and taking various medications. Thanks to the medical research done by scientists, my Uncle is still alive to this day, years after the doctors said he should have lost his life by. If my Uncle had chosen to do nothing but sit back and smoke weed, he would not only still have the cancer but he could have developed even more health problems and needed invasive surgery, and probably would not be here today.The medical marijuana controversy will continue to be an issue for many years to come, and like any other controversy, people on either side of the argument will not want to change their views easily. However, as I have shown it is imperative that our country does not pass any legislation to legalize medical marijuana. Marijuana is illegal for a reason and allowing it to be used to relive pain in those with severe illnesses will, in the long run, have a negative effect.Medical research has greatly benefited lives and is a much better alternative solution than marijuana.Works Cited â€Å"Fulfilling the Promise. Medical Research. † AARC. 2009. Web, 8 April 2010. â€Å"Marijuana: Facts for Teens†. NIDA. gov. 2009. Web 4 April 2010. â€Å" Marijuana. Marijuana timeline in the United States. † PBS Online. 2009. Web. 22 March 2010. â€Å"Medical marijuana†. ProCon. org. 2009. Web. 24 March 2010. â€Å"Saving and improving lives. New medicines transforming patient care. † PHRMA. 2009. Web 1 April 2010. How to cite Marijuana Research Paper, Essays

Entrepreneurship for Journal of Experimental- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship for Journal of Experimental Psychology. Answer: Introduction Social entrepreneurship is the process of building enterprises that work towards addressing social, cultural or environmental issues[1]. Social entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in the longer term survival of our society. There are various leading social entrepreneurs that have been putting efforts in making this world a better place. Their journeys are a source of inspiration and continue to improve the sustainability of the world. Muhammad Yunus is a social entrepreneur who launched The Grameen Bank which is aimed at providing microfinance to those in need in order to make them self-sufficient. The man has also shared his expertise on micro financing and social capitalism through a number of books. The bank has a net income of over $10 million[2]. Similarly, Scott Harrison founder of the non-profit organization Water has been working towards shortening the bridge between the clean water and people. The lack of clean water and the dearth faced by his fellow mates inspired him to work towards this change and currently this charity has delivered clean drinking water to more than a million people in 17 different countries. Organization: Rio Tinto Description of the event Rio Tinto has recently been in the news for the amount of havoc the organization has caused to the environment. The metals and mining corporation has had to shut to down various mines due to the extent of pollution caused by them. The organizations actions are continuing to harm the environment and its people even today[3]. The nature of Rio Tintos work makes a certain extent of pollution understandable. However, the magnitude of the damage done by Tinto has surely crossed a line. Feelings It disheartens me to see such leading names being so discreet about these issues. I feel that it is of utmost importance that we take a certain amount of responsibility for the environment that we live in. While researching about this project, I came across this issue and I have tried to dig deeper on the same. It is largely demotivating to see such a respected organization running away from its responsibility and showing a lack of efforts towards fixing the destruction caused. Actors involved There are various actors involved in the process. This includes Rio Tinto Authorities and their top management who are primarily responsible for the situation that has been created. Secondly, the local population of the mining areas like Bougainville who are directly impacted by the current state of the area are also important actors in the process. Thirdly, the governments role is also crucial because that is the body which forms rules and regulations that prevents organizations from harming the environment above and beyond a certain level. Therefore Australian governments department of environment and energy is also an important actor. Lastly, all of us as individuals and residents of this planet are actors to this problem as it is sure to impact us all in the longer run. Evaluation: Rio Tintos efforts on the situation Rio Tinto has also taken a few steps to compensate for the damage created by them. The organization is preparing for a low carbon future. The company supports the Paris agreement. They are working towards substantial decarbonisation of their business by 2050. The organization is also working towards responsible water management and minimizing biodiversity impacts Analysis The impact of the social initiative by Rio Tinto has helped the environment and also worked at saving the organizations brand positioning in the public eyes. There has been a 7% decrease in the companys greenhouse gas emissions intensity since 2015 (Rio Tinto, 2018)[4]. Conclusions: My Learnings from the experience Through this research I have learnt that the organization has been putting certain efforts to save our planet and enhance their productivity as a firm. However, the amount of damage done is catastrophic and it will be very difficult for the planet to recover the price that it is paying for Rio Tintos business. I have also learnt that it takes a very long time for any part of earth to recover, once it has been damaged by us. Therefore even a small action that may harm the planet must be very well thought of. Action: Recommendations for the future There are various efforts that Rio Tinto could have made in order to fulfill their responsibility towards the planet. The damage done cannot be immediately repaired but some efforts can definitely made to lower the impact of the same in the short term as well as in the long term. The recommendations to Rio Tinto are as below: Keep pollution controls in check throughout the entire mining process. Bring together a strict and focused board of people whose sole responsibility would be to keep the environmental impacts of the Tintos actions in check. Build green offices like Adobe which have effective waste management, carbon reduction and plastic disposal techniques in place[5]. Provide training to employees regarding the impact of the companys actions on the environment Promote environment friendly behavior in offices: Use low energy consuming lights, use email for internal communication, avoid printing papers, replace plastic cups by steel, aluminum, copper, paper or glass cups and finally install waste disposal and water saving technologies. Conclusion Through this research, I have learnt the role of social entrepreneurship. Had it not been for so many social entrepreneurs across the globe, the environments situation would have been much worse. There are leading organizations that are harming the environment. The large amount of time taken by the planet to recover from the current damage will make it even more difficult for us to survive. Therefore, it is about time that we work towards recovering from our current scenario rather than making it worse. References Cnovas, C.R., Olas, M. and Nieto, J.M., 2014. Metal (loid) attenuation processes in an extremely acidic river: the Rio Tinto (SW Spain).Water, Air, Soil Pollution,225(1), p.1795. Nieuwenhuis, M., Knight, C., Postmes, T. and Haslam, S.A., 2014. The relative benefits of green versus lean office space: Three field experiments.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,20(3), p.199. Rio Tinto. 2018. Protecting the environment. Available from https://www.riotinto.com/ourcommitment/protecting-the-environment-21468.aspx. Accessed on 13 March, 2018. Todres, M., 2016.Exploring The'Social'In Social Entrepreneurship: Applying The Concept of Network Sociality To Social Entrepreneurs(Doctoral dissertation, University of Kent). Yunus, M., 2015. Profit-Not for Profit Convergence to Achieve Sustainable Value. A Conversation with Muhammad Yunus.Review of Environment, Energy and Economics-Re3

Returning to School free essay sample

Returning to school after being out of school for 25 years can be a challenge in many ways. At times, it looks daunting and almost impossible. However, decisions like this are not made overnight. Neither are steps like this taken without some kind of preparation. Over time, there has been much physical, emotional and academic preparation. Physical preparation for this course was probably the easiest part of preparation. First of all, there has been research into to which college is the est. fit for the goals that are desired to be obtained.In addition, several colleagues at work have returned to work and have told of the time that will be needed to obtain this goal. They have been an invaluable resource in telling how to physically juggle working full time plus going to school. That has been the greatest preparation for the physical demands: Watching my colleagues. Other physical demands, such as computer needs, internet connections, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Returning to School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , Walden has been very good at being forth coming about what is needed for those things. It is helpful to know how to structure life.Colleagues at work are helpful in knowing the best way to obtain books, sources to look for information, and other physical demands that will arise in this academic journey. To become emotionally prepared has been much more challenging. Had hoped that I would never have to return to school. I have obtained specialized trainings, certifications, and other skills with the hopes of not returning to school because it seemed like such a daunting task. However, for the past two to three years, have started to see that the Netscape of nursing is changing. I have realized that to continue to grow professionally and personally I am going to need my bachelors degree. This realization of professional need has helped prepare me emotionally. Have spent the past two years looking into what is required to go back to school. I have also spent time observing how others who are my peers and who are also in school observing are managing the process. I figured, If they can do it, then so can l. It is also a challenge to prepare academically. Studying is not a difficult task. For me, the hardest struggle has been to write a paper. In todays learning environment, the process is entirely online and majority of the process is about writing. My weakest subject has always been English. I have never used PAP format. Therefore, this thought is single greatest component that has kept me from returning to school. It is a great relief to spend time learning about the writing center and the resources they have to offer. Have spent time listening to the webzines and plan to access different parts of the writing centers help during my time at Walden. Other colleagues have told me Of resources they have used to help them in this area. One day, at the pharmacy, even my pharmacist and her assistant offered to proof-read my papers for me! So, I feel like I have more support in these areas than I had at one time. Returning to school is a life altering decision. It takes lots of adjustment and much preparation. I am hoping that the preparation have made in all ways- physically, emotionally and academically will help me be a success on my journey at Walden University.

Adoption Discrimination essays

Adoption Discrimination essays In a world today, where nothing is no longer black and white people still view it as that and make ignorant decisions. Discrimination doesnt just lurk around dark corners, it thrives in the every day lives of all human beings. Adoption discrimination is just one of the injustices trapping innocent people. Whether it be a person wants to adopt a child of a different race, their disabled, homosexual or single, many people are denied the opportunity to take a child into their arms to call their own and give them a place to call home. Couples or single parents have been through court battles for the sake of a child and all due to a stereotype that exists. All children should grow up in a perfect white picket fence home with healthy, heterosexual parents of their race. How many children are not adopted in California alone? Even if the person wishing to adopt are more than qualified to be parents, there are barriers set, aside from the preference the biological parent. Adoption agencies are sometimes blinded as to what may be truly best for the child. By law, the agencies are not allowed to ...delay or deny the placement of a child for adoption, or otherwise discriminate in making an adoptive placement decision, solely on the basis of the race, color, or national origin of the adoptive parent or the child involved. (CA Family Code) Also, according to the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), adoption and foster care agencies, public and private, are prohibited from imposing or applying eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out disabled individuals from becoming adoptive or foster parents. (ADA) Even if Acts are enforced through law, states are going to great lengths to prevent people with a certain criteria from adopting or being a foster parent. Now there are two states that have banned homosexual couples the right to adopt childre ...

Brand Name - Definition, Examples, and Discussion

Brand Name s, and Discussion A brand name is a  name (usually a proper noun) applied by a manufacturer or organization to a particular product or service. Brand names are usually capitalized. In recent years bicapitalized names (such as eBay and iPod) have become popular.   A brand name may be used and protected as a trademark. In writing, however, its not  usually necessary to identify trademarks with the letters  TM. Examples and Observations Jacuzzi is a commercial brand, hot tub is the generic term; i.e., all Jacuzzis are hot tubs, but not all hot tubs are Jacuzzis.(Jim Parsons as Sheldon Cooper in The Toast Derivation. The Big Bang Theory, 2011)Computer users searching online for information say they are Googling. Commercials running in states like Michigan and Ohio suggest that shoppers go Krogering. But what will investors make of a campaign that proposes they start Vanguarding?The campaign, scheduled to begin this week, turns the Vanguard brand name into a verb, the better to help potential customers remember the company’s mutual funds and other investment products.(Stuart Elliott, The Verb Treatment for an Investment House. The New York Times, March 14, 2010) Key Attributes of a Brand Name According to Kapferer (2000, p. 112), the brands name is often revealing of the brands intentions. It is a powerful source of identity and helps to project the intended image of the product against the competition and in the process of positioning a brand in the minds of the target audience (Ries and Trout 1980). In overcrowded markets with narrower segments, brand names play a crucial role. Susannah Hart (1998, p. 34) of Interbrand suggests that the key attributes of a brand name are: A name itself need not necessarily convey objectives or associations. Freestanding names like Shell, Kodak and Sony dont actually suggest any attribute or benefit, whereas associative names like Pampers, Visa and Comfort do.(Micael Dahlà ©n, Fredrik Lange, and Terry Smith, Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. Wiley, 2010)allows brands to become part of everyday life by enabling consumers to specify, reject or recommend brands;can communicate overtly (e.g., Rentokil) or subconsciously; andcan become a valuable asset as it functions as a legal device. Background of Brand Naming Brand naming has existed for centuries. Italians made watermarks on paper in the twelve-hundreds, During the industrial revolution, companies sought to inspire consumer confidence with names borrowed from their owners’ families: Singer sewing machines, Fuller brushes, Hoover vacuumsall names that are still in use. Before the First World War, there was a wave of abstract names ending in o (like Brillo and Brasso), followed, in the nineteen-twenties, by one of ex names: Pyrex, Cutex, Windex. But, according to Eric Yorkston, a marketing professor at Texas Christian University, modern brand namingwith its sophisticated focus groups and its linguistic and psychological analysisbegan in the years after the Second World War, when the explosion of similar products from competing companies made imaginative naming an increasing necessity.(John Colapinto, Famous Names. The New Yorker, October 3, 2011) Brand Names and Logos Australia is to become the world’s first country to ban logos and branding on cigarette packets, in a move tobacco companies say will increase the black market trade. . . .Plain packaging, which will be introduced from July 1st, 2012, will mean cigarette packets will all be the same color and carry large, graphic health warnings. The brand name will appear in a small font. The font style and size and the position of the brand will be uniform.​(Padraig Collins, Australia Will Be First Country to Ban Logos on Cigarette Packets. The Irish Times, March 24, 2010) Brand Names and Language Differences The impact of language differences must be understood if a brand name is to be successfully transferred since key elements of the marketing communication mix used to sell products, like brand names or advertising campaigns, are language based. . . . [W]e propose that when entering the Chinese market, three decision rules should be followed in order to successfully transfer a brand name to China: First, the brand name should accurately reflect the unique selling proposition or the basis of sustainable competitive advantage of the product/brand. Second, a successfully transferred brand name has a symbolic as well as a literal meaning: one that induces positive associations between the transferred brand and the preferred cultural practices or personal goals. Third, a successfully transferred brand name should be memorable; it should enter the evoked set with top of the mind recall.(Julie Mo, Jason McNicol, and Lance Eliot Brouthers, What Is in a Name? Transferring Brands to China. Marke ting in the 21st Century: New World Marketing, Vol. One, ed. by T. J. Wilkinson and A.R. Thomas. Greenwood, 2007) Also Known As: trade name

Managing Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Human Resources - Essay Example From the study it can be comprehended that the most significant asset in any organization is the employee. As a group or individually the employees play a crucial role towards the success of the company and; therefore, they should be acknowledged. When a business becomes successful, it is because of the influence that the employees have brought to the company. A good management in human resource will guarantee the satisfaction of the employees. It is advantageous to manage employees individually so that their development within the organization is monitored. The management provides all the required resources to the employees so that they can perform their duties well. A reliable human resource sector that works well assists the organization to achieve its strategic goals by acquiring the attention of workers, sustaining them and managing their needs. Every department of human resource strives to do this. Great focus is put on forming an efficient human resource system in a company. M ost of the departments in the companies utilize the human resource to make plans and means of processing formal assignments. The organizations that have unstable managing in human resource sector go through formal disarray and lack of the administrative skills in the staff activities. Human resources are available in any successfully performing organization. The organization should go on despite how large or small the company is, and this essentially depends on the competence and performance of the people it has. ... In the real sense, they should have a similar management. Nonprofits inherently have volunteers, which are human resources that  are not paid. Volunteers are to be managed like  normal  employees. Although they  are not given  money, they are other ways in which they  are compensated  (Carter, 2009). There is a similarity in volunteer and paid  staff  management; therefore, there should be a  clear  specification of the  volunteer’s roles, and their recruitment should be carefully done.  In addition, they should be given  proper  training and  orientation, their organization into  suitable  teams with  appropriate  leaders are  crucial, there should be  performance  monitoring, incase issues regarding performance  arise  they should be addressed, volunteers also need to be motivated through rewarding them for outstanding performance (Carter, 2009). Employees  welfare  regarding risks and liabilities  are considered  by the organization and the same should be considered for the volunteers. The organization should identify the most significant duties it has and then people  are supposed  to be recruited, oriented, prepared and organized so that they can successfully  perform  the identified roles. For a  business  to be successful, the right employees should be allocated the  right  duties at the right time so that they are able to perform their duties with a good attitude. The work of the human resource is, therefore, to get the  qualified  employees. Employees should be fairly compensated for the labor they provide for the organization, therefore, the human  resource  is supposed  to pay the employees (Carter, 2009). Employees

Cytogenetics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cytogenetics - Coursework Example Other Cytogenetic techniques include Fluorescent in-situ hybridization, Centromere or C-banding, replication banding, Sub-microscopic telomere analysis, distamycin staining and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (1). Abnormalities in chromosomes can also be identified by non-cytogenetic methods, like that of Microarray analysis and Molecular analysis of Telomeric sequences (1). Human numerical abnormalities are now measured by the advent of cytogenetics, which include Downs Syndrome, Turners syndrome and Klinefelters syndrome. The advance of molecular cytogenetics started in 1980s with the advent of Fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Later than FISH, technique of chromosome microdissection came in picture in which micromanipulation and examination of chromosome was carried out. This method lead to study in detail the aberration in chromosomal structure that could be isolated cloned and thereby studied in even finer detail. This method is also been put to medical use like in diagnosis of cancer and in hematological malignancies where it is used to determine the chromosomal translocations in the malignant cells, thus making the diagnosis easier and thereby the treatment becomes more specific. It is also used in the identification of the abnormality in myeloid leukemia (2). The future focuses on molecular cytogenetics include Comparative genomic hybridization microarrays; Single-Polynucleotide based Polymerization based karyotyping. Report for the clinician referred to: 1. Observation and background: Given sample of Mrs. Krerr has been analyzed and karyotyping was carried out based on the G-banding Karyotype. There were clear indications of translocation between in Chromosome 4 and 11 having t(4;11)(q21:p13) phenotype. Based on published literature and reports translocation in chromosome 4; 11 was found to be associated with high risk infant acute leukemia (3) which arises due to illegitimate re-combination between MLL and AF4 gene. Identification of this gene translocation in early stage of life cycle allows us to define the treatment regime in subsequent development of diseases (4). The mechanistic aspect of this translocation is largely unknown but researchers are able to map the genomic breakpoints and, in this particular case it was found to be hyper-sensitive to Dnase I and the cleavage site for Topoisomerase II. 2. Probable Gene involved and proteins: a) AF4p12, also known as FRYL gene homologous to Drosophila FRY gene could be involved in maintaining integrity of polarized cell during morphogenesis (6). b) MLL 11 Q23 transcriptional regulators. 3. Further investigations: Observed karyotype and interpretation needs to be validated based on little more cytogenetic analysis including Q- banding to obtain high resolution banding pattern to locate precise translocation. Similarly NOR (Silver) staining will help to identify translocation due to involvement of shorter arm translocation in given sample. But it is highly recommended to use Q-PCR methodology using fusion specific primer (i.e. primer which amplifies fusion region of MLL and AF4). The results of PCR amplification can

The Effects of the Iraq War Essay Example for Free

The Effects of the Iraq War Essay The war in Iraq was supposedly an act against terrorism. In one of the President’s speeches, he made it clear that it was a preemptive attack and that if we were not fighting and destroying this enemy in Iraq, they would not be idle. They would be plotting and killing Americans across the world and within our own borders. By fighting these terrorists in Iraq, Americans in uniform are defeating a direct threat to the American people†(Crimes Against Humanity). This is the government’s claim but it was never substantiated by any evidence, thus keeping the Americans wondering what really is the cause of this massive bloodshed. Some reports say that this war is in large part an oil currency war. â€Å"One of the core reasons for this upcoming war is this administrations goal of preventing further Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) momentum towards the euro as an oil transaction currency standard†(Mother Jones). In order to stop the OPEC from doing this, the US needed to take control of the OPEC’s 2nd largest oil producer, Iraq. This means that the Iraq War is just another economic war. It is just another result of the struggle to control the means of production. The â€Å"domestic impact of any US war will be inequitably distributed, the workers and lowest economic classes carrying the burden of the social costs, while the upper strata benefit†(Swans). Even before the Iraq war, experts have already concluded that powerful corporate interests only see middle class families as the spoils of political influence (FromTheWilderness. com). When war struck, the burden was heavily felt by these same families. The additional burden came in the form of taxes. To maintain the Iraq war the government imposed additional taxes on the people disguised as national security taxes. This tax is imposed on all persons, however the effect on the upper class is not as drastic as to the middle class families simply because since they are the ones who can afford to pay and benefit from the big tax cuts. These taxes in addition to the economic pressures on the middle class—stagnant wages, the need to pull down two salaries to support a family, and the rising costs of the basic expenses—drive these families to turn to credit just to make ends meet. Credit in itself is neither bad nor is it taboo but the present state of the country prevents the middle class families from ever recovering (FromTheWilderness. com). The Iraq war brought about a change not merely on financial aspects but also in the way Americans perceive things. It has awakened the people’s social consciousness. Due to the doubtful claims the government are using to justify the war coupled with the suffering of the middle class, the masses are starting to wonder and ponder on the real issues that they are presently facing. A sense of awareness has donned on them, the people are slowly gearing towards social change. Having the freedom of intercourse, the people are slowly unearthing the reasons behind the war, the cause of their social helplessness and the means or solutions they are entitled to. Americans are becoming inquisitive, they are slowly transforming into persons naturally drawn to activism and sympathetic to an anti-war attitude and the Iraq War will present a new challenge of exposing the propaganda promoted by American imperialists, and in building an opposition (Swans). The change the Americans are experiencing after the war is neither bad nor good. It is a just a natural reaction brought about by the need for social justice and equity. Social justice is the concept of society in which justice is achieved in every aspect of society, rather than merely the administration of law. It is generally thought of as a society that affords individuals and groups fair treatment and a just share of the benefits of society. The Iraq war is not the sole cause of this change, several social forces are at work here but it may very well be considered as one of the factors that triggered it. After years of following the capitalist norm, the uneven distribution of wealth and power between the classes is already taking its toll. The delineation of the social classes is becoming clearer, each class is grouping itself together and yet, each one is dependent upon the other, without the bourgeoisies there would be no proletariat, without the proletariat there would be no cause for awareness, without a cause there can be no change. The social classes are now playing their important roles in this changes, they are setting the stage for their struggle. The United States is experiencing social change and it is inevitable. According to Neo-Marxism, strains are inherent in social structures and the source of these strains or contradictions is the inherent scarcity of certain goods and values. Thus inequality is a source of conflict. The conflicts caused by the inequality of the classes are starting to show. The ghost of communism is slowly rearing its head in our country. The Americans are preparing to experience a class struggle. The middle class is slowly becoming aware of the distribution of wealth and power between the masses and the selected few, they are realizing the exploitation of their class by a selected few using the government as an instrument. The country is now at the brink of a social revolution, just as how all revolutions came to be, the birth begins with the proletariat’s struggle with the bourgeoisie. At first the contest is carried on by individual labourers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then by the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the individual bourgeois who directly exploits them and eventually the rise to power of the middle class. At this point however, the movement’s success cannot be ascertained. The thinking masses is too small to resemble a threat to imperialism but a war gone badly might alter public thinking enough to make such fundamental social change an increasing possibility. The ideas of Communism are based on actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on since time immemorial, it seeks to abolish property relations and to place power on to the working class (Mondo Politico). According to Karl Marx, this is the end result of all modern governments. Everything shall start from the bourgeois controlling first the modes of production hiring the proletariat only for labor, later on educating the proletariat so the bourgeois can use the knowledge endowed to the working class to remain competitive. Greed being the driving force, the bourgeois shall continue to teach and exploit the proletariat. Through this process, what the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. Communism is definitely an ideal type of government, it speaks of utopia where social justice reigns supreme and equity can never be flawed. The question now is that how come there is no country that has successfully established a perfect communist government? This might be caused by the degree of difficulty of implementing the transformation or it may be that eventually all systems shall need property relations of some kind. At this point, the social revolution in the United States is pretty far from fruition. Not all of the working class is willing to undergo change. After the United States has existed for so long, after having been accustomed to it and after achieving so much through capitalism, the premature abolition of property relations shall definitely cause its own downfall.

Essay --

In this novel the presentation of the father is portrayed as a father protecting his son’s innocence. It’s almost as if the man is placed on this planet for one major purpose to protect and keep his son alive. The burnt man passage gives the reader an insight into a world that has absence of culture and civilization in the post-apocalyptic world that both the boy and man inhabit, the role of the boy and the father are further established for the reader and many of the techniques that become typical of McCarthy’s style in the novel. Structurally the burned man scene is one of the horrific episodes that occur in the novel and it is the first to take place, foreshadowing, future horrific episodes that will take place later on in the novel. This essay will be exploring these ideas in more depth looking closely at how the father and boy are portrayed in this part of the extract. The passage begins with a typical series of simple sentences describing the boy and the man. †they went on the boy was crying. He kept looking back† McCarthy’s style of writing mainly consist of short, clear an...

Examining The Examples Of A Tragic Hero English Literature Essay

A premier illustration of a tragic hero is John Proctor, from Arthur Millers, The Crucible.A Proctor is easy placed in this class of heroes because he has features that define who may be considered such a hero, such as the fact that he is extremely regarded in the community, that he has a tragic defect, that he dies and embraces decease with self-respect and that he is portrayed as a human being like his readers to which causes a katharsis of emotions in them. Leon Golden writes that â€Å" the ideal Aristotelean form of tragedyaˆÂ ¦ the autumn from felicity to wretchedness, caused by a serious rational mistake, on the portion of a hero who is worthy of regard†¦ † ( Golden ) . John makes such â€Å" mistakes † due to his tragic defects, which result in his ruin, but in malice of these defects in his character, he is extremely regarded within his community. He makes a serious mistake in judgement, realizes that he has made an irreversible error, and while he re cognizes that he must be put to decease, maintains his self-respect and trades with his destiny with a step of credence, like a tragic hero is supposed to make. Finally, John has the intrinsic ability to pull out sympathy and commiseration from his readers which is besides a celebrated quality of the authoritative tragic hero. John Proctor is hence the quintessential illustration of a tragic hero.A It is apparent early on thatA John ProctorA wasA extremely esteemed within the community, A because heA wasA called toA Reverend Parris ‘ family toA see howA the Reverend ‘s ailment daughterA was making. The rigorous Puritan members of Salem besides commended him for hanging the door of the church.A Despite the strength in which the Puritans regarded their faith and the contempt they shared for those less â€Å" spiritual † than they were, Arthur Miller writes that â€Å" Proctor, respected and even feared in SalemaˆÂ ¦ † ( Miller 20 ) . John ProctorA wasA s till considered to be an honest, hardworkingA adult male and aA God-fearingA Christian, even though he did n't go to church and was non, in any manner, perfect. James Martine suggests that â€Å" the ideal supporter of calamity, so, says Aristotle, must be a adult male like ourselves, one who does non possess righteousness and virtuousness to flawlessness, but whose character is held in high-esteem by all † ( Martine ) . Therefore, Proctor fits the portion of Aristotle ‘s tragic hero definition which claims he must be a well-respected individual within the narrative ‘s chief community ( even if he is non near to being Godhead ) . However, as is the instance for every tragic hero, a tragic defect that John Proctor possesses finally led to his tragic terminal. One of John Proctor ‘s tragic defects was his unfaithfulness. Like Larry Brown believes, â€Å" Miller created the matter between Proctor and Abigail as a cardinal motivational factor in Proctor ‘ s character † ( Brown ) . Because of the matter he pursues with 17 twelvemonth old, Abigail, the remainder of the events that lead to his day of reckoning unfold. Abigail ‘s green-eyed monster of Proctor ‘s married woman, Elizabeth, cause her to get down a commotion in Salem and to impeach people of take parting in witchery because she believes if she removes Elizabeth, by impeaching her of being a enchantress she could hold the desirable John Proctor all to herself.A Another defect of Proctor that consequences in his decease is his pride. Martine agrees that for a hero to be considered tragic, â€Å" the hero must be a extremely moral person who has a tragic defect, a tragic flaw. This defect is frequently hubris-commonly characterized as prideaˆÂ ¦ † ( Martine ) . Proctor is delayed in the confession of his wickedness because it is of extreme importance to him to keep a good name. Had he owned up to the matter earlier on in the procedure, he could hol d shown the tribunal that Abigail had a sensible alibi and the whole events of the Salem enchantress tests could hold been stopped before they even began. Because of John Proctor ‘s serious defect in character and his awful wickedness, he is hanged upon the gallows of Salem for all to see. Not many people accept decease with such awards and unity as Proctor does. A Out of self-respect and pride in his household and himself, John Proctor decides to be hanged instead than lie and falsely confess to hold practiced witchery and everlastingly be associated with it. Proctor, in mention to the prevarication that subscribing his confession would be, says â€Å" Because I can non hold another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to prevarications † ( Miller Act IV ) . In add-on, he does non desire to subject to the giving over of names of other people in the community, feigning that they were enchantresss, to acquire himself off the hook, or in this instance, gallows. †Å" The tragic terminal of the drama comes at the really point where Proctor found his morality and award that he thought he lost † ( University of Houston- Clear Lake ) . The pride that led to Proctor ‘s ruin is the same pride that causes him to decease in self-respect, without subscribing to prevarications. John Proctor hides his criminal conversation with Abigail from the tribunal for the interest of repute, until he must squeal: â€Å" I have made a bell of my award! I have rung the day of reckoning of my good name. † However, as he is pressured to curse falsely that he dealt in witchery, Proctor realizes it is his name in the sense of personal unity, being true to himself, non his repute among others that affairs most of all ( Brown ) . The concluding facet of a tragic hero that John Proctor undoubtedly encompasses is his relatability, which causes the other characters in the drama and its readers to sympathize with him. Proctor is displayed as a mere human being with defects and battles which in many ways mirror our ain defects and battles. â€Å" This deep-rooted temperament of ‘frailty ‘ is Proctor ‘s ain indispensable humanity and demonstrates him to be ‘a adult male merely like ourselves. ‘ And since this is so, the attendant katharsis arouses, and purgings, our ain commiseration and fright † ( Martine ) . Some of his greatest battles are happening himself and covering with the guilt he feels for holding an matter, which he finally comes to accept as Martine says ; â€Å" John Proctor is heroic because he accepts his guilt and indicts the society that would coerce him to give over his scruples. To make both, he must be self-discovered, self-recognized and eventually self-ac cepting † ( Martine ) . Proctor is at his tallness of ego consciousness when he realizes how of import it is to keep his unity. Robert Heilman explains that Shakespeare made the tragic hero, â€Å" a figure capable of self-awareness and self-judgment † ( Heilman ) . Just as Miller gave John Proctor the ability to hold self-awareness, William Shakespeare gave his tragic heroes the same ability. Because the readers find themselves similar to Invigilate in that they besides are flawed, they are able to to the full sympathize with him and throw themselves into the emotional convulsion of the narrative. Therefore, when the narrative of John Proctor is read, the reader experiences a katharsis of emotions. They feel fear for him, throughout the tests and when his destiny is being determined. They feel sympathy for him as he approaches his decease, right after he and Elizabeth eventually mend their matrimony. A narrative of a tragic hero tends to accomplish that consequence on its readers.

Barriers to Changing Personal Health Behavior

The result of the real age test has come as a surprise to me. There is a difference in my real age and the age results shown by the real age test. I have also been surprised by the factors which can affect one health. According to real age study factors such as relationships including having pets and the frequency of the times you have with your friend may affect our health. Thus there is an urgent need to undertake practices and actions which improve my real age. However there are some barriers which inhibit the decision to adopting good health behavior.One of the barriers is readiness to certain changes. In order on to improve on my real age I have to change my eating habit behavior, change my relationship profile and exercise more to improve my fitness level. Some habits such as smoking are not easy to quit. Another barrier is availability of time Sparing time for exercise might be a challenge especially for a fulltime students and the working class. The exercise itself is a sacri fice and requires a lot of discipline on my side.Good health is not seen as a priority and other would rather work for extra hours instead of relaxing provided they earn an extra. Taking good health a priority will be a barrier not only to me but also to other many people. Some of the stress is caused by our working condition. Some of us work very hard and long hours. Since it is the source of our living we cannot do away with it. Thus our work can also be a barrier to personal health behavior. One of the means I intend to use to improve my real age will involve changing my attitude towards things.Taking health as a priority is one of them. Having a positive mind will reduce occurrence of stress. By changing my attitude I will spare time for exercising. I will avoid some lifestyles such as smoking and excessive drinking which negatively affect my health. In order to observe healthy living I will eat recommended amount of food avoiding food and beverages high in calories. I will also adopt an active lifestyle where by I will exercise, walk and jog to avoid gaining excessive weight.The portion distortion quiz also reveals some shocking finding about how our eating habits and the choice of food we eat affect our health. The amount of food in our body is determined by the type of food we consume. There is also a trend revealed by the quiz that as new technology and new methods of cooking food is invented the amount of calories in the food increases. The pizza of 20 years ago has fewer calories compared to today’s pizza of the same quantity. From the finding of portion distortion quiz I intend to avoid food and beverage with high quantity of calories.This will reduce chances of occurrence of lifestyle diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. From the finding it is evident that exercising burns out the excess calories in our busy. I therefore intend to live an active life whereby I will do more than just the daily chores to burn excessive calories. Traditi onal foods are healthier than the new types of food which are very famous nowadays. I intend to avoid unhealthy lifestyle even if it might be the current trend.From the finding it is very easy to increase the amount of calories in your body. However burning them is not that easy. Therefore I will concentrate more on avoiding food with high amount of calories other than exercise to burn them. References Health Canada 2010 overcome barrier retrieved 30 July, 2010 from http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/maintain-adopt/index-eng. php Health system for home use 2010 secret to live longer retrieved 30 July, 2010 from http://www. healthreviser. com/content/secret-live-longer

Groups Protecting Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

Groups Protecting Civil Rights and Civil Liberties These prominent nonprofit groups work for various civil liberties related causes, ranging from free speech to the rights of the elderly. American Association of People with Disabilities In 1995, over 500 disabled Americans assembled in Washington, D.C. to create a new nonprofit organization- the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD). The AAPD works for the rights of the disabled and supports enforcement of existing legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. AARP Since 1958, AARP has lobbied for the rights of aging Americans- both those who are retired and those who still serve in the workforce. Once known as the American Association for Retired Persons, the AARPs mission covers more than just those who are retired and the full name is no longer used. With over 35 million members, the AARP is one of the largest nonprofit organizations in the country. American Civil Liberties Union The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was founded in 1920 to respond to repressive government measures taken in the wake of World War I. The ACLU has been the leading civil liberties organization for more than 80 years. Americans United for Separation of Church and State Originally founded in 1947 as Protestants United for Separation of Church and State, Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU) now represents a coalition of religious and nonreligious Americans. The organization works to ensure that the government continues to respect the First Amendments establishment clause. Electronic Frontier Foundation Founded in 1990, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) works specifically to ensure that civil liberties continue to be protected in the digital age. The EFF is particularly concerned with First Amendment free speech issues and is best known for organizing the blue ribbon campaign in response to the Communications Decency Act of 1995 (later declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court). NARAL Pro-Choice America The organization now known as NARAL Pro-Choice America was originally founded in 1969 as the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws. NARAL dropped its old name in the wake of the Supreme Courts landmark Roe v. Wade ruling of 1973, that repealed abortion laws. It is now a prominent lobbying group working to preserve a womans right to choose, as well as to support other planned parenthood options, such as access to birth control pills and emergency contraception. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), founded in 1909, advocates for the rights of African Americans and other racial minority groups. It was the NAACP that brought Brown v. Board of Education, the case that ended state-mandated public school segregation in the United States, to the U.S. Supreme Court. National Council of La Raza Founded in 1968, the National Council of La Raza (NCLR) defends Hispanic Americans against discrimination, supports anti-poverty initiatives, and works for humane immigration reform. Although the phrase La Raza (or the race) is often used specifically to refer to those of Mexican ancestry, the NCLR is an advocacy group for all Americans of Latina/o ancestry. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Founded in 1973, the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force is the nations oldest support and advocacy group for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Americans. In addition to supporting legislation granting equal protection to same-sex couples, the Task Force has recently begun a Transgender Civil Rights Project aimed at ending discrimination on the basis of gender identity. National Organization for Women With over 500,000 members, the National Organization for Women (NOW) is generally regarded as the political voice of the womens liberation movement. Founded in 1966, it works to end discrimination based on gender, protect a womans  right to bodily autonomy and promote the overall status of women in the United States. National Rifle Association With 4.3 million members, the National Rifle Association (NRA) is the nations oldest and most influential gun rights organization. It promotes gun ownership and gun safety and supports an interpretation of the Second Amendment that affirms an individual right to bear arms.

30 Famous Food Quotes to Satiate Your Soul

30 Famous Food Quotes to Satiate Your Soul The fetish for food is like a secret affair you never want to reveal. You cant help salivating when you see the oh-so-delicious birthday cake, or the crisp fries, or even the melt-in-your-mouth lamb shanks. You may want to pretend that food does not affect you that much. But come on! Lets be honest here. Dont you wish you could eat all those yummy, to-die-for candies without putting an ounce of weight? What thought crosses your mind when you see a delicious slice of cheese? Most of us would think of how it would melt in our mouth. But only a true connoisseur of fine food, like Clifton Fadiman, could think of another viewpoint, Cheese- milks leap toward immortality. Clearly, food is an obsession with many. Binge on these other famous quotes about food.   Mark Twain: Sacred cows make the best hamburger.Alphonse Allais: Coffee is a beverage that puts one to sleep when not drank.Samuel Johnson: He who does not mind his belly will hardly will hardly mind anything else.Elizabeth Berry: Shipping is a terrible thing to do to vegetables. They probably get jet-lagged, just like people.President George Bush: I do not like broccoli. And I havent liked it since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And Im President of the United States and Im not going to eat any more broccoli.George Bernard Shaw: There is no sincerer love than the love of food.Confucius: The way you cut your meat reflects the way you live.Spanish Proverb: The belly rules the mind.Socrates: Worthless people live only to eat and drink; people of worth eat and drink only to live.James Beard: A gourmet who thinks of calories is like a tart who looks at her watch.Mahatma Gandhi: To a man with an empty stomach, food is god.Arthur Pendenys: A good meal makes a man feel more charitable toward the whole world than any sermon. Harry Hopkins: Hunger is not debatable.Polish Proverb: Even were a cook to cook a fly, he would keep the breast for himself.Christopher Morley: No man is lonely while eating spaghetti- it requires so much attention.Philip W. Haberman: A gourmet is just a glutton with brains.Sir Robert Hutchinson: Vegetarianism is harmless enough, though it is apt to fill a man with wind and self-righteousness.H. S. Leigh: If you wish to grow thinner, diminish your dinner.Adelle Davis: Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper.Alice May Brock: Tomatoes and oregano make it Italian; wine and tarragon make it French. Sour cream makes it Russian; lemon and cinnamon make it Greek. Soy sauce makes it Chinese; garlic makes it good.Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.Eike von Repkow: He who comes first, eats first.Epictetus: Preach not to others what they should eat, but eat as becomes you, and be silent.Fran Lebowitz: Food is an impo rtant part of a balanced diet. Elsa Schiaparelli: A good cook is like a sorceress who dispenses happiness.French Proverb: A good meal ought to begin with hunger.Plutarch: It is a hard matter, my fellow citizens, to argue with the belly, since it has no ears.Latvian Proverb: A smiling face is half the meal.Polish Proverb: Fish, to taste right, must swim three times- in water, in butter, and in wine.

What was the idea, belief, or movement that had the greatest impact on Research Paper

What was the idea, belief, or movement that had the greatest impact on Western civilization from the Enlightenment to the present day - Research Paper Example First, there was a need to make an improvement in technology. An improvement in technology would improve the world to a better place (Perry 12). Secondly, it was a prudent approach to make advances on science. In the ancient times, science was part of the society. Consequentially, the people were using traditional approaches in science, which recorded dismal performance. Thirdly, there was a need to mark an improvement in the social organisations of the day. With a collective bargain on the three issues, the human condition would be improved. This called for reaction from different individuals, governments and organisations that were directly involved in governance. Therefore, concentrating on these issues would yield results. Though it would take time, their efforts were greatly rewarded. Apparently, they were geared towards improving social progress that would improve the lives of people. This would also have an impact on developing economy and improve science and technology applic ation. There are notable ideologies and movements that were influential in steering western civilization in the world. To begin with, the idea of revolution was an influential approach in the western countries. North America was among the first regions to induct revolution in improving the human condition (Spielvogel 18). Many British colonies decided that this was the right time to bring change in various aspects of the country. First, they focused on improving the economy. They noted that the economy was strong pillar that would be influential in improving human condition. As such, they had several ideologies that would improve their economy. As such, they had to make a different approach by employing sophisticated ideas that would develop their economy. In perfecting their economy, some countries like Britain decided to develop great cities. This was particularly successful since they had a large population that would provide the much-needed labour. For instance, a better part of the population was the Britain ascent. However, there were other minorities which included the Dutch, Irish and black slaves (Sherman 17). The large population would provide descent labour to build cities across the nation. With developed cities, the region was able to record an improvement in the economy. In making an even better improvement, the region accepted immigrants from neighbouring regions. This would increase the number of people in need of employment. In return, the economy would gain by utilising the labour provided by the population. One of the ideas that improved the economy of the region was the introduction of taxes. The Britain government felt that the population needed to pay taxes. This was a move to increase the revenue collected by the government. In actual sense, the Britain government felt that all colonies should pay taxes that would run the government (Spielvogel 21). Consequentially, there was opposition from the colonies that felt overburdened by the tax es. Apparently, their grievances and opposition did not deter the government of the day from implementing the tax. This is particularly due to non-representation in the government. This was a milestone to improving the economy as the governments continued to amass revenue. While focusing on these revolutions and change in the economy, there are many regions that benchmarked the ideology. For instance, Canada, Australia and New Zealand made possible changes to mark an improvement in the economy and culture. This collectively improved the western countries to a better social and economic path. There was a belief that improving education and application of science would improve the world, especially the western count

Management Business Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Business Questions - Essay Example Reorganization of a company is a sensitive step and the manager needs to have ultimate interpersonal skills in dealing with severance packages and reassigning works. The manager should be well prepared over the concept of reorganization and should be in a position to handle any type of questions posed by the employees related to the decision. The manager should be able to communicate the conditions and issues surrounding reorganization in an effective manner. Reorganization is not an easy thing to do and it will affect the employees and their families to a great extent and by commuting the problems and concerns effectively, the whole process of reassigning and offering of severance packages can be carried on smoothly. As a first step towards reassigning and layoff, the manager should call for individual meetings with the concerned employees. The change in title, department and work nature needs to be explained to them in an elaborate manner. Make the employee aware about the new reporting line, relocation, lessening of working hours and other issues that would affect their present status in the company. Situations like this demand excellent interpersonal skills which includes better management, organizing and communication skills. Hawthorne Studies is a way to improve productivity levels of an employee by creating a psychological belief that they are more important to the organization. It is a form of positive management tool that increases work performance of an employee by letting the person think that they are being singled out and are important to the organization. Employees always like getting the attention of the employer and they like the feeling of being important. The manager can accomplish the Hawthorne Studies by offering praise and expressing appreciation for the hard work put in by the employee. The key for effective Hawthorne effect accomplishment is to be aware about the circumstances when the productivity levels go up and when it comes

Journal Article Critques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journal Article Critques - Essay Example The study also established that the concepts between childhood obesity varied significantly from one region to another. There seems to be no consensus on the available body of knowledge on the subject of obesity and overweight in children. The study also acknowledges the difficulties involved in reaching an international consensus regarding the terms to be used in the definition of obesity and overweight among children. According to the study, some general terms have been used in the definition although there seems to specific differences even within the common terms. The study cites the example of Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a standard measure of determining obesity. According to the study, this BMI determines the manner in which a particular study explores the levels of obesity within a particular context. The cit-off point in the BMI has often varied from the percentile points of 85th and 97th. The results from this study illustrate clearly the levels of conflict associated wi th the definition of obesity in children. However, the study seems to develop some points of general consensus between the various issues that tie on the matter of childhood obesity in children. ... hat it seems to anchor its assumptions on some of the already known effects of obesity in terms of how it affects the development of children matters. This may not add new knowledge to the nurse practitioner since the common definitions have been overly exhausted by the research arena. Variations in perceptions seem to attach to the specific aspects as included within the general factors of the definition. However, the broad definitions of obesity, according to the terms of this study, coalesce around some common points. Notably, this study comes out strongly by bringing into perspective some of the problematic issues that are related to the definition of obesity in children. It also makes the point about the need for increased research into the manifestation of obesity in children. This point is drawn from a general concern that the traditional definition of obesity has tended to curve out certain demographic factors while ignoring others. For instance, the term obesity has traditio nally been associated with certain age brackets, and people of some specific socio-economic statuses. On this score, this study challenges some of these assumptions by providing or suggesting an expansion on the frame of reference within which alternative and more comprehensive definitions of childhood obesity could be understood. Therefore, the article becomes an important mind opener and prepares the nurse practitioner for further research into the area of concern. The study conducted by Kumar (2012) sought to explore the prevalence, manifestation, interventions, and common challenges associated with obesity in children. The study identifies childhood obesity as a crisis of public health around the world. The study observes that the prevalence of childhood obesity has been on the rise in

British Petroleum: Unethical Issues

British Petroleum: Unethical Issues Referring few frequently use terms in business ethics as in, this report stressing on business ethics. Based on Crane and Matten in definition of business ethics, it is the study of business situation, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed. In a normal context, a situation cannot be considered unethical if it is not violating the law but a situation can be equivocal when conflict happened among ethical values. Importance of Business Ethics Ethical practices in business are important because businesss power and influence is greater than before. (Crane and Matten, 2010) Based on Laczniak and Murphy (1993, p. 5), consumer will have more impression on businesses that practice ethical practices in business. Based recent research of Belak and Rozman (2012), company that practices ethics will have better image and reputation. Then, it brings long term interest. Ethical practices help business to meet stakeholders expectations more effectively while stakeholders demand going more complicated and hard to achieve. (Crane and Matten, 2010) Based on the research of Holme (2008) on business ethics, he listed out few advantages of business in being ethical. He linked up the relationship between employee satisfactions levels with financial result of company. Higher satisfaction level of employee results in better financial result. Further, a company that practices ethics in business gains trust from suppliers. He further explained that a company practicing with ethical culture will influence employee to support on the company. It will influence employee to react with strong motivation and performance which is crucial to gain customer approval. Company Background British Petroleum, British  international  oil  and  gas companies headquartered London, UK. Based on CNNs Global 500 ranking of world corporations (Refer appendix B), BP ranked 4th largest company in the world and 3rd largest energy company. (Fortune, 2012) Nature of Business BP seeks to provide energy sustainably with its upstream and midstream active in 30 countries. BP works on finding, developing, and moving resources then produce and marketing the products. (Refer appendix C) Whilst providing energy and daily use products, BP investing on alternative resources, the sustainable energy with low carbon especially bio-fuels, solar and wind energy. Industrial Practices in Ethics As an international oil and gas company, decision made by the company often involve many parties and might brings serious consequences. There are ethics issues bothering BP in past few years, the human right and environmental issues. Based on BPs sustainability review of 2011, the company emphasize in enhancing safety and risk management in order to gain back trust from the previous accident in Gulf of Mexico. BP also continue working with safer drilling, avoiding environment pollution and restoring the environment resulting by deepwater horizon oil-spill. One of the industrial practices by BP in ethics is to treat people fairly and strictly eliminate child labour and forced labour. Bribery and corruption is prohibited in BP and the company seeks to not obey law. (BP Code of Conduct, 2011) BP invested in cleaner and greener energy helps preserving environment for future. Besides, BP  communicates with local community groups to avoid and minimize impact on their life. BP also helps in creating jobs. They use local suppliers and support community development. Ethical Dilemmas BPs stakeholders are the local communities, customers, employees, shareholders and analysts, governments and regulators, industry and non-government organizations. (Stakeholder engagement, 2012) In this case, stakeholder analysis is used to find out the interests of stakeholders affected by environment pollution caused by BP. How the environment pollution has impacted BP stakeholders will discuss later. Local Communities Based on an article of George in 2003, he emphasized the importance of taking interests of local communities while making decision. Supporting on local communities brings advantage of getting support from them in terms of supporting companys activities, as well as attracting and retaining good employees. Out of so many of the ethical issues, environment pollution is the issues that BP often encountered with. For example the Columbian pollution on farmland, Texas City chemical leak, and the recently deepwater horizon oil spill. The blowout of deepwater horizon rig in April 2010 has been commented as the worst oil-spill in history of US (BBC, 2010). The accident has killed 11 crew members on the rig and the rig sank two days after the explosion. The sank rig leak gallons and gallons of crude oil into sea and the leaking of oil from the exploded Macondo well polluted Gulf of Mexico and other 5 nearest gulfs, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas, causing environment pollution. The incident became the biggest issue faced by BP. Environment pollution that mostly faced by BP is the pollution caused by oil-spill. The pollution has caused damage on wildlife and eco-system of the impacted area. Wildlife like birds, sea turtles, dolphins, and also sperm whales were badly impacted because of oil-spill. There are health problems faced by these animals. Just to name a few, airways and immune system damaged because of oil-spill. Then, birds drown because of oil on their fur making them failed to fly. Dolphins found death because of the toxins released into the air. Marine mammals like dolphins need to go up surface and breathe. (Environmentalgraffiti, n.d.) Gulf Coast is rich with seafood like  fish, crab, oysters and shrimp, especially oyster and shrimp that are highly concentrated in the gulfs, contributing to production of seafood in US. The pollution affected the seafood industry badly. The 23% out of $2.4billions on production of Louisiana seafood has been shut down after the oil-spill. (Environmentalgraffiti, n.d.) Till date, there are still impacts on seafood found in affected coast even though oil has been cleared. Based on article of Jamail in (Aljazeera, 2012), they found fishes, shrimps and other seafood with abnormal growth. For example, eyeless fish and shrimp believe as a result of toxics released by oil. Tourism bears the brunt of the environment pollution. Based on a report of Oxford Economics (n,d), tourism plays key drivers in Gulf regions economy. Referring to the chart below, oil spill has greatest impact on tourism revenue during year 2010 after the Deepwater Horizon Oil-spill. Bourgeois, the owner of Bourgeois Fishing Charters told The Times-Picayune (2010) that his business was down after the oil-spill in Gulf of Mexico. The visit to fishing charters decreased about 20 percent after the case, booking declined and increase in cancellation rate of trips. Besides, fishing industry has been directly impacted by the pollution, causing increase of unemployment rate. The lives of people in affected gulfs were threatened because they were unable to collect fish. William, as reported by Juhasz (2012) article in The Nation, has lost his income because of shrimp he used to catch were affected because of the oil-spill. Air pollution caused by the explosion of rig also brings impact on the health of local communities. Nicole told The Nation that there is smell of oil for the entire month after explosion and it made her daughters asthma worst. Not only that, Elizabeth, 9, Nicoles daughter also suffers from rashes, allergies, inflamed sinuses, sore throat and an upset stomach. Another example of how environment pollution impact on BPs local communities is the oil-spill of Columbia pipeline caused by corrosion of pipeline. It is a project with Columbia national oil company and 4 others multinational company. The oil leaking from corroded pipeline transferring crude oil polluted farmland. Water was poisoned, lead to death of livestock and crops were failed to grow. (Taylor, 2011) Shareholders To be straightforward, shareholder as one of companys stakeholders to provided fund. (Harvard Business Review, 2012)  Shareholder seeks profit and return on investment rather than growth of business. The environment pollution of BP has brings impact on its shareholders. Especially the blow-out and oil-spill of deepwater horizon rig in Gulf of Mexico, BP faced numbers of court cases, claims and payout for cleaning up oil. BP has accepted to pay a total of $4.5bn fine to solve all the 14 criminal charges. (Goldenberg and Rushe, 2012) Besides, BP has paid a total of $23billions on claim and cleans up. Based on the report of BP on cash dividend payout in history, there is no dividend payout in year 2010 after the accident in Gulf of Mexico. Share price drop drastically from a constant increasing yearly. The dividend increased at 3rd quarter of year 2011 but it is still very much lower than the dividend paid before the accident on Gulf of Mexico. (BP, n.d) How BP dealt with dilemmas Dilemmas have to be solved by company to sustain in business. How BP did to solve the dilemma will be discuss and apply to ethical theory. Responding to the main cause of accident in Gulf of Mexico, BP has designed its programme on enhancing safety and risk management to avoid repeating of accident like Deepwater Horizon Oil-spill. Local Communities First, BP has takes responses to helps in different dilemma caused by the accident. It includes helps in monitoring health and safety of people involved in cleaning up oil, puts effort on cleaning up both offshore and on shore, rescuing and rehabilitation of wildlife, containing the leak and compensate the people and communities affected. (BP, 2011) Few examples on how BP responses to the dilemma, BP hired local commercial fisherman and vessel owner to help in clean-up. The clean-up of affected area need large amount of manpower and BP has decided to seek help from the local, with their local knowledge. Then, BP deployed new shoreline cleaning technologies. To stop the oil leaking from the damaged well, BP used dispersant to helps in stopping oil-spilling. (BP, 2011) To resolve the damage made to local ecosystem, BP has invested on monitoring wildlife, emergency restoration projects, early restoration projects and also National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Projects. BP works on minimizing and tracking for the impact on wildlife. For example, bird observational survey and live dolphin health assessments. Emergency respond also took by BP. For example, eggs of Kemps Ridley sea turtle has been collected and protected, release after hatchlings. (BP, 2011) Furthermore, BP supports on monitoring and testing programmes of seafood. This including testing on dispersants to boost people confident on the quality of seafood. As an overall till 2011, BP has invested $33.5 million to test and monitor the seafood, and $ 48.5 million to help in promoting seafood. (BP, 2011) With the affect on tourism industry because of the accident, tourism campaigns has launch to attract people visit to Gulf Coast. Event like seafood festivals and fishing tournaments has been launched and supported by BP in terms of funding. There is another advertising campaign launch by BP designed in promoting tourism. BP contributes in community development of the affected area. The company support on various type of jobs training, and education. (BP, 2011) Shareholders Ethical Theory (Utilitarianism) Utilitarianism, as defined by Bentham and Mill, the action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people affected by the action. The theory also known as greatest happiness principle (Crane and Matten, 2010) Organizations best practices and values Alyeska Pipeline Service Company

Pearl in Scarlet letter :: essays research papers

One of the most complex and elaborate characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic individual, as well as an extremely important symbol. Pearl is involved in a complex history, and as a result is viewed as different and is shunned because of her mother’s sin. Pearl is a living Scarlet A to Hester, as well as the reader, acting as a constant reminder of Hester’s sin. This connection leads to many different views of Pearl’s character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawthorne uses vivid descriptions to characterize Pearl. She is first described as the child, â€Å"†¦whose innocent life had sprung, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, a lovely and immortal flower, out of the rank luxuriance of a guilty passion.† (81). From the beginning of her life she is viewed as the product of a sin. Physically, Pearl has a â€Å"beauty that became every day more brilliant, and the intelligence that threw its quivering sunshine over the tiny features of this child.† (81-82). The exquisite dresses and her beauty cause her to be viewed as even stranger from the other typical Puritan children, whom are dressed in traditional clothing. As a result, she is accepted by nature and animals, and ostracized by the other Puritan children. â€Å"Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world†¦ the whole peculiarity, in short, of her position in respect to other children.† (86). Pearl was not accepted by the children; her unavoidable seclusion was due to the sin of her mother. On the rare occasion that the children show interest in Pearl, she lashes out at them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The members of the Puritan society view Pearl as a weird, strange little girl, born from a sinful act. However, the characters with a closer, more in depth relationship to the child, feel differently towards Pearl. â€Å"She is a strange child! I hardly comprehend her! But thou wilt love her dearly, as I do, and wilt advise me how to deal with her† (186). Hester describes her unbalanced feelings and emotions to Dimmesdale. This statement shows that although Pearl’s quirks and oddities cause her to become â€Å"strange† in the eyes of others, they form into a love from Hester. This relationship between Hester and Pearl is important because both are ostracized for their irregularities and for the sin and shame of Hester. Dimmesdale responds to Hester’s statement with, â€Å"I have long shrunk from children, because they often show distrust- a backwardness to be familiar with me.

Discussion Questions Essay

DQ #1: Select a small business that you may want to start. What is strategic management and planning? Why would a strategic plan be important to the success of this business? How are the four functions of management relative to creating and implementing a strategic plan? I want to start an e-commerce sales business. The strategic management and planning guidelines for this kind of business include the following: Planning – As an owner, I will analyze the direction the organization will go and create core objectives for the business. The objectives will help the company stay on track and assist in any unexpected developments that may arise down the road and short-term and long-term goals are designed. Organizing – We will analyze our resources and determine the volume of products to purchase and the individual cost to generate profits. We will also review how many employees will be needed. Directing – Our managers will be tasked with the responsibility of encouraging positive behavior from employees to create production that leads to higher profitable margins. Managers will implement a reward system for consistent high producers. Controlling – The entire team will survey the operation and gauge areas that may require improvements or adjustments to maximize sales volumes. The team will also use the same goals and objectives that were previously established to review any issues or concerns and confirm that any negative feedback that may have been received is addressed. A strategic plan would be very necessary and important for this business to solidify a position in the e-commerce industry where customers can shop for quality products and the company will earn profits, while instilling great customer service. The four functions of management are relative to creating and implementing a strategic plan so all areas are balanced and functioning in conjunction with the expectations of the business. DQ #2: What is the difference between mission and vision statements? What factors must be considered to produce an appropriate mission and vision statement for an organization? Vision and mission statements various phrases that a company uses to describe or state their values, direction, integrity position, beliefs and style. The difference between the vision and mission statement is that the mission statement defines the purpose, goals and objectives of a business. The mission statement also explains the impact the business will have on the community. The vision statement speaks more to the values of the organization, explains the purpose of the achievements, and outlines how things should be done as the goals and objectives are being followed. In order to produce an appropriate mission and vision statement the business should focus on elements that build trust among potential consumers that will help them to understand the primary facets from which the business plans to operate. Some key variables are the quality of products and services that will be delivered, the contribution to the community, and the ethical position that will be the foundation of good business behaviors

Urbanisation Is Sea

SE1101E Group Essay Rural-Urban migration, or â€Å"urbanization†, has led to a better life for a majority of Southeast Asians. To what extent is this true? Discuss your answer using examples from at least three different Southeast Asian societies to illustrate your points. ____ Introduction For the longest time, Singaporeans lived in a relative urban oasis – coined, praised and awarded as the ‘Garden City’. Even so, in the last 2 years, Singaporeans have experienced the stress of continued urbanization, created primarily through migration.This stress has been manifested physically as inadequate infrastructure, socially as rising xenophobia and politically as rising discontentment, leading to the long-ruling People’s Action Party to face its worst electoral performance since independence in 1965. It is this backdrop that propelled our group to comparatively examine the urbanization experiences of three of Southeast Asia’s largest countries, an d evaluate the outcomes. Firstly and most importantly, it is important to delineate the two key terms – â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization†.While â€Å"rural-urban migration† is a subset of â€Å"urbanization†, urbanization as a process is far more encompassing, as Terry McGee has noted to include the expansion and encroachment of urban regions into formerly rural areas through land-use conversion practices. For the scope of this essay, we will limit our arguments to the process of â€Å"rural-urban migration†. The process of migration is simply defined by Zelinsky as â€Å"a permanent or semipermanent change of residence†.Petersen offers a sociological perspective, defining migration as â€Å"a spatial transfer from one social unit or neighbourhood to another†. Extending these, rural-urban migration can be broadly defined as the movement of people from rural home locations to urban locations, which results in socio-economic impacts for â€Å"both the origin and destination societies†. This includes circulatory migration, where rural migrants return to their home location after a period in the urban location, and permanent relocation from the rural location to the urban location.Further to this, to achieve a manageable scope of discussion, we have elected to focus on (domestic) rural-urban migration, where the rural and urban locations are located within the same country, as opposed to the processes of transnational (and regional) rural-urban migration. In this essay, we will argue that while the process of rural-urban migration has created a better life for some, it has not necessarily created a better life for the majority of Southeast Asians especially when evaluated on a holistic level. Specifically, we will use the case studies of Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines to support our argument.These three countries were selected as their combined populations of over 400 millio n, consist a majority 65 per cent of Southeast Asia’s 620 million people, in addition to their relative comparative congruence within the extremely diverse Southeast Asian region. Secondly, this essay strives not to be an ideological critique of the processes of â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization† but rather, serve as a comparative exposition on the impacts of rural-urban migration in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines and provide an objective evaluation of whether this process has created a â€Å"better life† for the â€Å"majority of Southeast Asians†.Aptly congruent, Tjitoherijanto and Hasmi describe urbanization as an expression of â€Å"people’s desire for a better life† and â€Å"must be recognized as a natural modern process by which humans attempt to improve their welfare†. The central themes of what is â€Å"a better life†, has rural-urban migration created it and for whom, form the framewo rk of our discussion. Case Study: The Philippines In our first case study, we analyze the Philippines. The state of urbanization in the Philippines is comparatively the most advanced of the three case studies, with 33 highly urbanized cities and 4 surpassing the 1 illion-population mark. While the 2010 census depicts the state of urbanization in the Philippines, it does not describe the flow of domestic rural-urban migration. From 1970 to 1990, the percentage of the Philippine population identified as â€Å"urban† surged from 36% to 52%, which further increased to 59% by 2000. Not all of this growth can be attributed to rural-urban migration. In fact, 47. 2% is actually due to reclassification of formerly rural areas as urban and natural urbanite population growth.While explicit data is sparse, Hugo provides a basis to assume that the remaining and majority 52% of this urban growth, is likely due to rural-urban migration. In tandem with rising urbanization, cursory economic i ndicators also rose. GDP increased from USD 6. 6 billion in 1960 to USD 199. 5 billion by 2010. Even with considerable population growth, GDP per capita also grew during the same period, from USD 692 to USD 1,383. Nakanishi forwards that the rural sector conditions in the Philippines, where peasants do not own their land, are â€Å"insupportable† and conditions in the city, though not the best, are an improvement.Knight and Song, who compute the Philippine’s urban-to-rural income ratio to be 2. 26, give further credence to the possibility, that perhaps, rural-urban migration might create a better economical life for rural migrants, and for all Filipinos too. These quantitative indicators are, however, quickly problematized as overly simplistic. To begin, consider the Gini coefficient, which measures the inequality of income distribution. For the Philippines, this stood at 0. 46 in 2010; the income share held by the top 10% was 36% while the income share held by the bot tom 10% was only 2%.This significantly unequal distribution of income evidences that the benefits associated with economic growth has not reached and has not benefitted a vast majority of Filipinos. Also, counterintuitively, higher income levels in urban areas do not actually lead to economic improvement on all accounts, as the Harris-Todaro model establishes. Simply put, the wage differential between the urban and rural areas (2. 26 in the case of the Philippines) compels rural populations to igrate to urban areas despite urban unemployment which further, and continually, increases unemployment, as long as urban wage levels continue to exceed that of rural areas. This thesis holds true in the Philippines context, where even as unemployment rates rose from 5% in 1980 to 11% by 2000, rural-urban migration continued to rise. This self-perpetuating cycle is particularly significant as it confirms that rural-urban migration, far from leading to a better life, actually results in the opp osite. Rising unemployment creates further problems.One is the creation of urban slums, where the poorest rural migrants generally live. In fact, from 2000 to 2006, urban slums grew at a rate of 3. 5%, faster than the urban population growth rate of 2. 3%. This evidences that rural-urban migration (which generates the majority of urban population growth) creates negative socioeconomic ripple effects, which compound with time, noting that rural-urban migration began in the 1960s in the Philippines. In Manila alone today, 35% of the 12 million population live in slums.Urban slums, which are â€Å"characterized by poor sanitation, overcrowded and crude habitation, inadequate water supply, hazardous location and insecurity of tenure†, have been recognized to lead to widespread environmental degradation. Most prominently, the lack of proper sanitation and sewerage services in slums contaminate citywide and nationwide water supplies, creating over 38 million cases of life-threateni ng diarrhea in the Philippines every year. This is despite the percentage of urban population with access to sanitation in the Philippines increasing from 69% in 1990 to 79% in 2010.This contradiction recalls Ulrich Beck’s pithy quote â€Å"smog is democratic†; that environmental impacts (linked to rural-urban migration and its ensuing employment) created by a small segment of the population can degrade the quality of life for a significant majority, in a ripple-like effect. However, ripple effects can work both ways, and in a positive sense too. One common example is that of the increased literacy rate as a result of rural-urban migration. From 1980 to 2000, the literacy rate increased from 84% to 93%. The literature is clear; generally speaking, a higher literacy ate and education level are two of the most significant positive externalities of rural-urban migration. The causation link between rural-urban migration and literacy is primarily due to the higher accessibi lity of schools in urban regions, which allow rural migrants in urban centers to more readily access schooling. This causation is however, problematic in the Philippines, where there is no wide disparity in literacy rates between rural and urban areas that would support such a causation thesis. The primary school net attendance rate in rural areas was only marginally lower at 86%, compared to 89% in urban areas.Some theorists have hypothesized that a strong historical cultural emphasis on education in the Philippines is one reason for this comparative equality in literacy rates in both urban and rural areas. Regardless, the lack of causation between rural-urban migration and literacy rates in the Philippines, further evidences that rural-urban migration, has not led to a â€Å"better life† for a significant majority of Filipinos. The discussion thus far surfaces a most important facet of the discussion – that of policy responses to rural-urban migration.It is apparent that the impacts created by the process of rural-urban migration might not be as deterministic as Harris and Todaro implied (their simplifying assumptions have been widely critiqued). It is crucial to note that the impact of the rural-urban migration process, whether positive or negative, is molded through the lens of government policy responses. In the case of the Phillipines, the indicator of increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, was contradicted by a highly unequal distribution of income and rising unemployment.Policy intervention is thus required to equalize this. Also, the formations of slums are not a direct result of rural-urban migration but due to inept city planning and a lack of sufficient public housing, again demonstrating the collision between policy and process as fundamental to our discussion on the impacts of rural-urban migration. In sum, one last indicator, mentioned in passing at the beginning of this case study, of increased life expectancy, exempl ifies one of the themes stated at the outset – what constitutes a better life?Does increased life expectancy constitute a â€Å"better life†, or just a longer one? Based on the evidence presented, we are inclined to think it is the latter. While Philippines represent a country in a highly urbanized state, Thailand represents one on the other spectrum. As such, our next case study will examine the rural-urban migration pattern in Thailand. When we analyze the rural-urban migration of Thailand, we can roughly translate it to the rural-urban migration to Bangkok. This is due to Bangkok’s dominance and influence in the country’s political and economical landscape.The size distribution of cities in a country roughly abides to the â€Å"rank-size rule†: The second largest city is half the size of the first largest city and the third largest city is half the size of the second. In Thailand’s case however, the second largest city is a mere 6% the si ze of Bangkok. As such, it is not an overstatement to describe Thailand as a one-city state. Thus in this case study, we will examine the urban landscape with reference to Bangkok as a comparison. Thailand’s urbanization rate is at a low 38% , significantly lower than their peers such as Indonesia (53%) and Malaysia (71%) (percentage not accurate as of 2012.Need comparison and citation). This figure has stalled since 2007, only changing by 0. 8% between 2002 and 2009. This is because Bangkok has stopped growing. In fact, it has shrank by 1% between 2007 and 2009. As of late, Thailand’s urbanization trends began shifting away from Bangkok to the peripheral provinces such as Songkhla; Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani. As such, while the top 10 cities in the vicinity of Bangkok grew collectively by 17%, a 1% decrease in Bangkok has dropped that urbanization growth to a mere 0. 8%. These reflect how this single city is able to impact the country’s economy.As such we shall analyze the impact of urbanization by using Bangkok as our case study. The growth of Bangkok brings about social and economical progress, with economical taking priority. National income statistics from the NESDB have shown that though contributing a mere 15. 8 per cent of total population in 1988, Bangkok and its vicinity generated more than 50 per cent of the gross domestic product. Socially, the Bangkok and its neighboring region has enjoyed better health care (2. 12 hospital beds per residents, compared with 0. 38 per 1,000 residents in Sri Saket, the poorest province of Thailand. and higher access to water (About 12 percent compared with 1. 2 percent in North, 1. 4 percent in the South, and 0. 9 percent in the North-east. ) While the figures reflect an improvement in the quality of life, this may not translate into an improvement for the people. There exist an overlying assumption that there would be a trickle down effect to benefit the less well off. Dr. Puey, a famo us Thai economist observed otherwise. Thailand’s pursuit of economic growth has widened the rich-poor disparity where urbanized regions in Thailand have experienced economic benefits at the expense of villages.Furthermore, it is alleged that there has been a social tension within the rural community between the few who have benefitted and the majority who have not. Critics of these distributions of wealth have blamed the monopoly of capitalism from emerging corporations in finance and banking centered in Bangkok. On October 14, 1973, a student led uprising threw the exploitation of rural villagers in the spot light, highlighting the dissent over the rich-poor divide. Furthermore, Thailand has traded a social benefit for a social problem.As Bangkok swelled as the only go-to urban destination in the 1970s, Bangkok’s infrastructure failed to expand at the same pace as its growing population. Overpopulation and congestion were frequent social issues that the government had to address. The high influx also led to pollution, and by consequence, disease. As such, it may be argued that while the urban population enjoyed better health care services, there was also a higher propensity to get sick due to more frequent interactions and mass pollutions. As such, while the face value of urbanization reveals measurable benefits, the real value actually shows a decrease.This aforementioned issue indicates a situation where rural-urban migration works too well. Bangkok grew haphazardly without an official city plan until 1992, a growth necessitated by Economic interest. Accompanied by poor city planning is its poor infrastructure of roads, leading to massive traffic jams. BBC has ranked Bangkok as having one of the top ten worst traffic jams in the world. For residents in this urban landscape, such issues have become so commonplace that they have come to accept these problems as part of their everyday lives.The process of rural-urban migration, at least until 200 7, has played the role of an instigator that negatively impacted the lives of those living in the urban landscape. Hence, rural-urban migration has its pros and cons. However, while it is important to weigh the different opportunities offered due to rural urban migration, we should also consider how these citizens perceive these opportunities offered and whether they consider themselves better off. Here lies the paradox. Both rural and urban parties perceive themselves as beneficiaries to the rural urban migration.A collection of data from six rural villages in the Nong Muun Than and Phon Muang communes revealed that villagers overwhelmingly felt that they had came up on top compared to their urban counterparts. Villages were perceived to be better in terms of standard of living, the friendliness, the working conditions and the environment to raise children although they conceded that urban areas posed a better environment to specialize. On the contrary, urban areas felt that they b enefitted from better facilities, higher pay and wider job opportunities.As such, while visible problems exist in both rural and urban states, they remain predominantly contented. This approach, however, comes with its own associated problems. It fails to recognize social identity which compels participants to be more biased towards their own home society, and it also assumes all Thais are well-informed of the opportunities and problems offered in both societies. For example, villagers in a rural area may be contented with life, but they may still be unable to comprehend the benefits urban areas provide.Their contentment hence lies in their simplicity of thought rather than the effect of rural-urban migration. As such, we turn our attention to more obvious indicators while still taking account, albeit more cautiously, people’s perception of such benefits. Recognizing the growing rural-urban divide, the 9th developmental plan of Thailand explicitly tackles such rural-urban lin kages in the country. Longitudinal studies on migration patterns conducted by the Nang Rong Project and Kanchanburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) were used to evaluate emerging problems faced by Thailand.It concluded that economical pull factors were the main cause of migration towards urban areas, although their search for financial stability came with a string attached. According to the DFG Bangkok Migrant Survey, (2010), 67 percent of migrants reported an improvement in living conditions since leaving rural areas while 60 percent of migrants reported stable income. However, 70 percent of migrants do not possess a written work contract and 80 percent of respondents have no insurance at all.Most of these migrants consist of family members forced to find work in urban areas due to rural poverty and hence migration was influenced not out of choice but rather that of necessity. As such, although they travel to urban regions in search of better prospects, their nature of trave l is necessitated for survival and their trip comes with little or no social safety net. Another issue they face is not simply acquiring employment, but rather quality employment. 70 percent of migrants earn less than 300 bahts (or $8) a day.While these still represents an increase in pay as compared to their rural counterparts, they also face a higher cost of living in an urban environment and therefor tend to spend more. Hence, most migrants aimed for quality employment, but only a mere 2 percent earn around 2. 3% fall in this category. 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