Review & Critical Thinking Essay

1. Explain the different forms of child abuse? Include Shaken Baby Syndrome in your response. *The different forms of abuse are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The shaken baby syndrome is the same as physical abuse. 2. What types of physical care must a parent provide an infant child? *the physica infant parents must provide the child with diapers and the child must be fed, bathed, and taking care of. 3. What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress? *According to the module a parent can create a stable and non-violent home environment for the child. Another thing is that the parent can encourage the child to communicate and tell them thing that are bothering them. These are some of the strategies a parent can use to help a child with stress. Critical Thinking Questions 1. What is the difference between a protective environment and a nurturing environment? *A protective environment is an environment in which the children are feels safe at home or in any place and fells that they can trust any adult in her community. A nurturing environment is when the child feels free to discover how they are. They also feel free to express themselves without fear. 2. How children’s do need change as they grow through development stages from infancy to teen years? How do special needs children differ? *As infants children are supposed to be supervised by their parents. Their parents are supposed to feed them clean them etc†¦ As a teen the child can take care of themselves and the parent must help with emotional not physical needs. 3. List and explain factors a parent can control that lead to a nurturing environment. Include characteristics of nurturing parents. *A parent can spend more time with their children so that the child does not suffer from anxiety or fear in their early childhood. Another thing that a parent can do is not use alcohol or drugs. Children who are raised in a home with lots of alcohol or drugs are more likely to consume them. 4. List and explain factors that  lead to poor relationships and that increase the risk of child abuse. *One factor that can lead to child abuse is a child of parents who were abused themselves. Another one is children in homes with many difficulties at home. 5. Why is it critical for a parent to be involved in their children’s education? *Because parents should continue teaching and encouraging their children about the world so that the children would be more interested in studying.

The Measurement of Student Engagement

While there is limited research on engagement in adult literacy contexts across researchers, the literature shows a vast number of researchers have studied student engagement. The definitions and descriptions of student engagement are broad and range from engagement as ‘participation' in school as a social system (Finn, 1989; Newmann, 1981; Newmann, Wehlage, & Lamborn, 1992), to the concept that engagement is a cognitive function used during certain academic tasks (Corno & Mandinach, 1983; Helme & Clark, 2001; Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). More recently, student engagement has been built around the optimistic goal of developing students' abilities to ‘learn how to learn' or to become lifelong learners in a knowledge-based society (Gilbert, 2007, p. 1). Therefore, it is clear there is no ‘one' universal agreement among researchers as to what a definition of student engagement might be. Researchers have instead explained different forms of engagement and how they work for different students under different conditions (Kuh, 2009).For example, Kuh (2009) defines student engagement as â€Å"the time and effort students devote to activities that are empirically linked to desired outcomes of college and what institutions do to induce students to participate in these activities† (p. 683). Coates (2007) describes engagement as a â€Å"broad construct intended to encompass salient academic as well as certain non-academic aspects of the student experience† (p. 22), comprising: Active and collaborative learning; participation in challenging academic activities; formative communication with academic staff; involvement in enriching educational experiences; and feeling legitimated and supported by university learning communities. Hu and Kuh (2001) define engagement as â€Å"the quality of effort students themselves devote to educationally purposeful activities that contribute directly to desired outcomes† (p. 3). Comparably, Harper and Quaye, (2008) suggest engagement is more than involvement or participation and requires feelings, sense-making, and activity — as acting without feeling engaged is merely involvement or ‘compliance' and feeling engaged without acting is ‘dissociation'. Glanville and Wildhagen (2007) acknowledge there is a debate over the recognition of engagement being a single or multi-dimensional concept state. These authors conclude that â€Å"engagement should be measured as a multidimensional concept† (p. 1019) that is divided into behavioural and psychological segments. In recognising this ‘multi-dimensional' concept, Fredricks et al. (2004) drawing on Bloom (1956), identify three dimensions of student engagement that can be synthesised to gain a deeper and more meaningful grasp on student engagement: Cognitive, emotional, and behavioural.In looking at these categories, in turn, cognitive engagement includes two components; psychological and cognitive. The psychological component emphasises students' investment in learning, motivation to learn and self-regulated learning as it relates to thoughtfulness and a willingness to put in the effort to comprehend complex ideas and to master difficult skills (Blumenfeld, Kempler, & Krajcik, 2006). The cognitive component involves self-regulated learning, meta-cognition, application of learning strategies, and being strategic in thinking and studying. Cognitively engaged students invest in their learning, seek to go beyond the requirements and enjoy being challenged (Fredricks et al., 2004). In the adult literacy context, examples of cognitive engagement might include: The effort in understanding course material; completing assignments; critically analysing information; applying concepts to real-world examples; and deepening insights through research and interaction (Harper & Quaye, 2008). Emotional engagement comprises students' attitudes, interests, and values – mostly in relation to positive or negative interactions with faculty, staff, students, academics, or the institution. Students who engage emotionally experience affective reactions such as interest, excitement and enjoyment, or a sense of belonging (Fredricks et al., 2004). Emotional engagement also refers to a student's reactions to others, connections with the school community, and how students feel about their educational experience (O'Donnell, Reeve, ; Smith, 2011).Behavioural engagement involves complying with behavioural norms such as attendance, involvement and participation, student behaviours related to concentration, attention, persistence, effort, asking questions, and contributing to class discussions (Fredricks et al., 2004; Hattie ; Anderman, 2013). These students are typically not disruptive, nor do they demonstrate negative behaviour (Fredricks et al., 2004). In adult literacy, examples of behavioural engagement may include respecting others, listening to instructors and peers, engaging in discussions, and participating in group work or teams (Harper ; Quaye, 2008).Fredricks et al., (2004) explain that each of these three dimensions can have a ‘positive' and a ‘negative' pole, each one representing a form of engagement – with the two extremities separated by a space of non-engagement, demonstrated by withdrawal, or apathy. This means that students can engage either positively or negatively along one or more of the dimensions or engage positively or negatively along one or more dimension while not engaging along another or ‘others' (Fredricks et al., 2004).

A Comparison Between ‘Requiem For The croppies’ And ‘The Tollund Man’, both by Seamus Heaney

Seamus Heany is a poet, born in Northern Ireland in 1939. He currently divides his time between his home in Dublin and Harvard University, where he is ‘Emerson poet in residence'. Heaney's poems are rarely political but two poems which comment indirectly on sectarian violence are ‘Requiem For The Croppies'- written in 1966, and ‘The Tollund Man' which was published in 1972. Each poem is inspired by the past but is revolving to the recent troubles. Heaney was awarded the ‘Nobel Prize for Literature' in 1995. ‘Requiem For The Croppies' was written in 1966 to mark the anniversary of the Easter rising (the Easter rising refers to a rebellion against the British by the catholic Irish which brought about the civil war.). The poem tells of an earlier rebellion of the Irish against the protestant British in 1798 and how this rebellion can be linked to the Easter rising and current sectarian violence in Ireland. Heany writes the poem in the first person, as if he were one of the croppies; a peasant youth rebelling against the protestant British who are running catholic Ireland. ‘The Tollund Man' is another of Heaney's poems in which he comments indirectly on the sectarian violence in Ireland. This poem was written after Heaney was inspired by a book by P.V Glob which features recently discovered two-thousand year old bodies, which had been perfectly preserved in a peat bog in Denmark. This poem opens with the poet, Heany, saying how he would like to visit the body of ‘The Tollund Man' at a museum in Aarhus, Denmark; something he actually did in 1973. ‘Requiem For The Croppies' opens with the lines: ‘The pockets of our greatcoats full of barley – No kitchens on the run, no striking camp- We moved quick and sudden in our own country', This refers to how the croppies, a small unprepared army of catholic Irish citizens, marched across a land they believed to have been theirs. These lines describe how the croppies filled their pockets with barley for food as they had no travelling kitchen or organised meal arrangements. The poem tells how war is a great equaliser among men. In 1798, classes rarely mingled with each other, however, these men are all fighting for the same cause and so see each other as equals and sleep together, as told in line four: ‘The priest lay behind ditches with the tramp'. The fact that a priest is fighting the war also gave the Catholics moral legitimacy. The croppies appeared as hikers to passing folk, they did not march as it was an informal undisciplined army. The croppies had small victories fuelled by spontaneity The word ‘until' shows the sudden pivot of luck in the croppies tale; the rebels were slain on the Vinegar Hill in what Heaney described as ‘the fatal conclave'. ‘Terraced thousands died, shaking scythes at cannon. The hillside blushed, soaked in our broken wave.' These lines describe just how pathetic the weapons of the rebels were compared to those of the British. The Irish rebels had scythes to defend themselves in battle, which were generally no match for a prepared army with cannons. And so, the rebels, fighting in rows side-by-side (like terraces), were slaughtered. The idea of the ‘blushing' hillside, gives the idea of how blood was spilt on the land and giving it the red, ‘blushing' appearance. The croppies were buried without ‘shroud or coffin'; this explains how the croppies were given a mass burial with no ceremony or funeral rites which is very important to the catholic religion. ‘The barley grew up out of the grave. This line has a lot of meaning in the poem, the croppies were buried in the clothing they wore and the barley from their coats literally took root and grew, this implies that you can defeat an army but the spirit of resistance lives on. ‘The Tollund Man' is divided into three parts. The first part of the poem opens with: ‘Some day I will go to Aarhus To see his peat-brown head, The mild pods of his eyelids, His pointed skin cap. This first verse expresses Heaney's wish to visit the Tollund man in Aarhus, Denmark, he has only seen photographs of the body and wants to see it in person. Heany describes the ‘Tollund man' as having a ‘peat-brown head' this is because when the body was discovered the skin was stained brown from the peat. The ‘mild pods of his eyelids' refers to just how well the body had been preserved (the Tollund man still had his hair, teeth and eyes, as well as the contents of his stomach, perfectly preserved (‘the last gruel of winter seeds caked in his stomach)). Heaney then says how he would stand in awe of the body, full of reverence, if he were able to visit it (I will stand a long time, bridegroom to the goddess'). In the fourth verse of the first section Heaney describes the Tollund Man's death quite sexually; ‘She tightened her torc on him, And opened her fen, Those dark juices working him To a saints kept body' This is Heaney's way of describing the Tollund man's execution (a sacrificial ritual to the pagan god of fertility, Nerthus). The Tollund Man's neck was broken in a vice (tightening the torc) and he was buried in the peat bog (‘opened her fen') where he sank deeper into the peat to be preserved perfectly for two thousand years (‘those dark juices working him to a saint's kept body). The final verse closes with Heany commenting on how valuable the find was to the archaeologists and now the mud stained face ‘reposes' at Aarhus. Part two of this poem is about four catholic brothers who were ambushed by protestant men. The brothers were tied to the back of a train and dragged to their death over several miles of train line, parts of their bodies were found up and down the line including teeth and patches of skin. Heany says that if it were possible to bring the brothers back to life by risking blasphemy and praying to the Tollund man, then he would do so. The third section of this poem discusses Heaney's journey to Aarhus. He will feel estranged because of ‘language barriers' but at home because he can link the death of the Tollund Man to the deaths of people in his homeland, both die for their religion. ‘Requiem for the croppies' is in Miltonic sonnet format, it comprises of fourteen lines in an octave plus sestet format. The poem also features a complex rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFEFEF. The dashes on the third line regarding the croppies' feeding habits add parenthesis (conversation aside). Heany uses a few metaphors (e.g. ‘terraced thousands' ‘hillside blushed') to add imagery to this piece of writing and the antithesis of ‘shaking scythes at cannon' is a good contrast to use when comparing the weak to the strong. ‘The Tollund Man' is written in a conversational tone and comprises of several quatrains per section and it has no rhyme scheme. The poem uses metaphors to describe the shape of the eyes; ‘pods' allows the reader to visualise a thin layer containing some sort of round object e.g. a pea pod. The paradox ‘unhappy and at home' is an ironic paradox relating to his how he has become accustomed to killing around him yet it still makes him sad to know it is going on. The oxymoron ‘sad freedom' is ironic because you wouldn't tend to use two words which involve opposite emotions to be next to each other in descriptive writing. I prefer ‘Requiem for the Croppies' because I find it more dramatic and moving. The pivot in the story adds a thrill to the tale and it is not as long and cryptic as ‘The Tollund Man'.

How important is it to develop a Business Continuity Model (BCM) Essay

How important is it to develop a Business Continuity Model (BCM) strategy Critically assess the three phases of Business Contin - Essay Example However, there are other systems or business continuity models that are more elaborate. For the Institute of Internal Auditors, business continuity management is a â€Å"process by which an organisation prepares for future incidents that could jeopardise the organisation’s core mission and its long-term viability† (2008, p. 3). Some of the incidents that can affect an organisation include fires, earthquakes, and pandemics (Institute of Internal Auditors 2008, p. 3). Meanwhile, the key components of business continuity management are management support, risk assessment and risk mitigation, business impact analysis, business recovery and continuity strategy, awareness and training, exercises and drill, and maintenance (Institute of Internal Auditors 2008, p. 3). For business continuity strategies, the Institute of Internal Auditors (2008, p. 3) has identified that the business continuity strategies that can be adopted include the following 1. Manual work processes when co mputer systems are down; 2. Outsourcing when work can be performed by external companies, competitors, or secondary vendors; 3. Recovery solutions for data; 4. Employment of alternative staffing or mobilisation of other staff members who can perform certain job functions; and 5. Use of alternative facilities. In contrast, the Department of Health of the United Kingdom has a more proactive perspective to business continuity. For the Department of Health of the United Kingdom (2011), the objective of business continuity management is to â€Å"counteract interruptions to business activities and to protect critical business processes from the effects of major failures or disasters†. Business continuity management covers â€Å"controls to identify and reduce risks, limit the consequences of damaging incidents, and ensure the timely resumption of essential operations† (UK Department of Health 2011). The business continuity model adopted by the United Kingdom Deparment of Hea lth is a 10-point model consisting of the following: 1. Project initiation and management; 2. Risks evaluation and control; 3. Business impact analysis; 4. Developing business continuity strategies; 5. Developing and implementing procedures for emergency response and operations; 6. Developing and implementing business continuity plans; 7. Building awareness and training programs; 8. Maintaining and exercising business continuity plans; 9. Formulating public relations and crisis co-ordination plans and response; and 10. Coordination with authorities. Forrester Research (2006, p. 2) defined business continuity mainly in terms of workforce continuity and defined it as â€Å"a strategy that provides for connecting a dispersed workforce to the applications, data, and communications they need in instances where pandemics, strikes, natural disasters, or other events prevent the workforce from reaching a corporate facility†. For Forrester Research (2006, p. 3-4), just like Tammineedi (2010), business continuity involves three phases: business impact analysis, local threat assessment, and business continuity plan development and maintenance. In the Forrester Research’s first phase or business impact analysis, the enterprise must identify the most critical business operations and resources (2006, p. 3). According to Forrester Research (2006, p. 3), the critical resources cover information technology, human resources, business partners,

Journal 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Journal 5 - Essay Example In my opinion, the most important topics are the reality of Jesus, creations of God and how our actions translate into outcomes. As far as thinking about what God has done in my life during this semester is concerned, I would like to express my thanks to the God, who has opened doors to the information that is related to him. I have come to realize that God has a greater plan for me and He wants me to realize his might, despite the fact that my mind is full of questions regarding his existence. E.g. I know that speaking the truth is ordained in Bible; this is a matter of simple ethics and everybody knows this by instinct that truth should be spoken. On the other hand, when I am expected to believe in something that my logic fails to comprehend, I start looking for logical answers and this is the area where I find it difficult to assimilate the information presented to me in the form of a sacred text. For example, how is God 1 and 3 at the same time? How is he a human and God simultan eously? I only pray for the well-being of my parents, friends and family and although I’d appreciate if my professor prays for that also, I’m certain that God is as close to me as he is to my professor. So, I think I should pray to God myself for things that are desired in my

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

No topic - Essay Example The expertise of the knowledge is usually associated with the spokesperson’s being preferred to the product being advertised. In most cases, the products that need expertise are usually complicated and sometimes are associated with high financial risk. For instance, the product Dior is complicated; thus, it needs expert spokesperson that is also trustworthy (Sources and spokespersons 01). For instance, the Dior has used CÃ ©line Dion as the spokesperson. This celebrity is an expert with extensive public reputable image; thus, making her an expert for the advert. Additionally, she has been in many other ventures of the same type. Trustworthy persons behind ads usually influence the reception of the ads. In other words, ads with trustworthy celebrities as the spokespersons usually make consumers believe in such products unlike products or ads associated with untrustworthy celebrities as their spokespersons. It is notably, that the same spokesperson in Dior has never had any serious public scandals; thus, she remains trustworthy in her public life making her fit for the product regardless of the products complication (Sources and spokespersons 01). This characteristic is usually pegged on the attractiveness of the spokesperson on the ad. In the case of Dior ad, the image is quite attractive and it is bound to attract many since many consumers and none consumers will like the image thereby influencing their consumption decisions on the product (Sources and spokespersons

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Organizational Behavior & Leadership - Essay Example This paper explains three different leadership styles from the examples of three different leaders. Leadership style in Executive-A Executive-A seems to be transformational in his leadership quality since he has brought tremendous change in the success story of the company through his strategic activities. Not only his colleagues talk about him as ambitious, but also media and others find his efforts as the cornerstone of the success that the company achieved. A transformational leader influences his subordinates through better behavioral traits, high-valued personality characters, better manners in dealing with others etc and these very evident from his attempts to shying away from the attention of media and others and thus giving the credit of success to others. McShane and Von Glinow (2004, p. 430) noted that transformational leadership explains how leaders change teams or organizations by creating, structuring, modeling and communicating a specific vision for the organization to the people involved. Executive-A has created a vision of greater success and improved organizational performance and for that purpose, he worked hard and ensured that he is successful in achieving the targets. He created a vision, communicated that vision to his people, built commitment to the vision and modeled the vision and therefore he is more seemingly a transformational leader. According to the view of Robbins and Judge (2011, p. 390), this leader inspired their followers to exceed their self-interest for the benefits of the organization and for the achievement of organizational goals and these leaders posses an extra ordinary effect on their followers. Transactional leadership of Executive- B Leader-B was very transactional in the way he managed and run the business. A transactional leader is one who focuses on interpersonal interactions between the leader and subordinates as he clarifies the leadership roles and assess the task-related requirements of his followers (Buelens, Kreitner and Kinicki, 2002, p. 464). Within the organizational setting, Leader-B’s personal and professional qualities have impacted the overall performance of both the employees and the organizational at large since he followed clear chain of command and offered better rewards based on various levels of performance which in turn improved employee performance. As Robbins and Judge (2011, p. 391) pointed, a transactional leader contracts exchanging of rewards for efforts and offers rewards to employee if they attain specific levels of performance. These leaders also watch and search for deviations from rules and standards and then taking actions to correct the deviations. This is the way a transactional leader influences his subordinates and affects the corporation as well as the performance of employees. McShane and Von Glinow (2004, p. 248) are of the opinion that transactional leadership helps organizations achieve the current objectives very effectively such as by linking job performance to valued rewards. Employees will be offered rewards for attaining a specific target of performance. Once leader-B assigns a task to any of his subordinates, he strongly believes that the subordinate is fully responsible for that specific task. Charismatic Leadership style of Executive-C The leadership qualities and personality attributes in leader-C show that he is charismatic in his leadership aspects. A charismatic leader is one who emphasizes symbolic leader behavior, visionary and inspiration messages, showing greater positive

Reading Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Film - Essay Example The film is a superb blend of sexuality and racial prejudice. The film captivates one of the brilliant performances by Juliana Moore. With a vulnerable emotion and strength of mind, she portrays the emotion of a housewife whose spouse has a covert gay life. It’s amazingly true that a movie like ‘Far From Heaven’ has that stylish finish along with tremendous emotional compulsion. This is a rare blend indeed and the greatest achievement with this particular film is the immaculate compatibility between the crew and the stars that make every moment of the movie artificial As well as deeply felt. (Indiana University, n.d.) In a film like ‘Far From Heaven’, the ambience of the narrative and the projection of the theme are never obvious. Yet, the film slowly enchants its spectators and one doesn’t need to wait for long to experience complete entwinement with the film. The film is extremely sensitive and far from being a mere domestic melodrama of Whittaker family, the movie is a strong portrayal of myriad social consideration that transports the film to a realm of difference from the ordinary movies of the same genre. Picking up a particular scene from the movie with so many emotionally exuberance is very difficult. Yet, the scene which forms the most sensitive and most climactic scene of the entire film demands a detailed description. The scene to be noted is where Cathy Whittaker, played by Julianne Moore finds her man Frank, played by Dennis Quaid, in the arms of his gay partner. Undoubtedly, Moore reaches the league of the contemporary actresses after this brilliant performance. The language of camera transcends any narrative incorporated in this scene and the feeling and the expression of Moore is equally mind-blowing. The cinematography, score implementation of light editing and sets make it a complete visual. The visual effect used at the backdrop of the scene makes it so compatible with the

E scan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E scan - Assignment Example There are government policies that are not clear enough to play a role of reducing the conflict between the air transport industry and its employees. These conflicts are one major setback facing the airline and they mount pressure on the government to formulate universal policies that will benefit the industry and its players. According to Hale (177), the ability of businesses to create employment, taxes for government projects and to strengthen the economy has made government to be concerned and take leading role in setting policies that affect businesses. These policies should empower the organizations to grow even more. The overall economy and economic growth of Canada has direct impact on Air Canada’s operations and success. According to Bühring-Uhle, Kirchhoff and Scherer (7) universal business exchanges consider the value of the currency of the other parties in the trade. This is considered so as to place all parties involved in a successful path rather than suffering losses caused by indifferent exchange rates. Inflation and unpredictable exchange rates makes it hard to conduct future prospects and plan effectively. Taxation rates for the aviation industry increases the operation costs, which are then pushed to the consumer as they are charged high fees for flights. Money-based forces such as the expensive maintenance costs of the airlines and competition from other airlines increases the financial challenges of Air Canada. According to Jain, Trehan and Trehan (237), changes in the social behavior can mainly affect on an organizations products and the state of mind of the customers to react to various products of Air Canada and to utilize the services at hand. It is thus very important for Air Canada to be as much focused on improving its services on a regular basis so as to enjoy brand loyalty from its customers, and create understanding of its renewed focus to serve clients

Nanobots Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanobots - Research Paper Example This essay examines the nanobot in terms of its purpose, function, development, as well as the moral and ethical concerns related to its implementation in the contemporary and future world environments. Analysis What is this technology? Nanobots are the product of nanotechnology. This is technology that functions within exceptionally small confines – namely within a nanometer (10?9 meters). The field of nanorobotics implements nanotechnology in the creation and engineering of robotic devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers. These robots are recognized to also be composed of micro or nano processors or components. When one considers that in the mid-20th century the only computers that existed filled a room, the emergence of such nanotechnology measures only a half-century later is a tremendous technological advance. Nanotechnology is created from a bottom up process where the technology is created one atom at a time, allowing developers to achieve the astoundingly small size requirements. Currently nanorobotic technology is in a proto-stage, as primitive molecular machines have been developed. There are also sensors that measure only 1.5 nanometers that are able to identify specific molecules in a chemical conglomerate. Even while nanobots remain largely in the formative development stages, it’s recognized that in the upcoming decade they will increasingly become a part of our daily lives. Purpose of this technology and its effect on people’s lives There are a great variety of potential implementations for nanorobotic technology. Perhaps the most prominent use of this technology has been potential implications of it in combating cancer cells. Indeed, recent trial procedures have been conducted wherein nanobots were able to enter a human and eliminate cancer cells. Describing the function of these nanobots in combating cancer, researcher Mark Davis notes, â€Å"It sneaks in, evades the immune system, delivers the siRNA, and the disas sembled components exit out† (Gizmodo). Essentially, these nanobots are able to enter the human body and deliver RNAi sequences to cancerous cells; these are ribonucleic acid interferences that attack malignant cancer cells. Professor Sylvain Martel, Director of the Nanorobotics Laboratory at Polytechnique Montreal has also foregrounded significant developments of nanobots for the treatment of cancer. While Professor Martel’s treatment of cancer is much in like with researcher Mark Davis’ there are a number of notable innovative differences. It’s noted that, â€Å"Using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, his team successfully guided microcarriers loaded with a dose of anti-cancer drug through the bloodstream†¦right up to a targeted area in the liver, where the drug was successfully administered† (‘Science Daily’). In these regards, the notable understanding is that this technology is able to improve chemoembolization by tre ating cancerous cells without exposing the unaffected adjacent tissue to the medication’s toxic effects. In addition to specific implications on cancer treatment, nanobots are also believed to have the potential of aiding humans avoid invasive surgery through entering the body and conducting such amendments. Furthermore, the emergent study of nanomedibots is believed to have the potential of developing nanobots that reside in humans to, â€Å"monitor body function; repair damaged tissue at the molecular level; deconstruct pathologic or abnormal material or cells such as cancer or

Case for the Resurrection of Jesus Book Review Essay Example for Free

Case for the Resurrection of Jesus Book Review Essay Case for the Resurrection of Jesus By Gary R. Habermas, Michael R. Licona Zerrrouk (pen name) The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus, was written by Gary R. Habermas, and co-authored by Michael R. Licona. Haberma is a distinguished professor, and the chairman of Philosophy and Theology at Liberty University, in Virginia. Habermas, using a minimal amount of facts, gives a provoking argument for the historicity of the Jesus Christ’s resurrection. This book was not meant as a 100% sure way of proving the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection, as Haberma even admits, there is no way to prove for sure that it actually happened, but based on the information that he has compiled, he believes that it is completely and entirely probable. Habermas starts out this book by bring to light five historical facts that will accomplish his goal to provide provoking proof for the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection. First, he states the fact that Jesus died on the cross by crucifixion; secondly, that the disciples believed that Jesus had risen from the dead and had appeared before them as a bodily figure; thirdly, that Paul, as a former persecutor of Christians, was converted when he bet Jesus Christ; fourthly, that James was also converted in the same way that Paul was; and lastly, that the tomb was empty (although there were some theologians who have challenged this last point as an historical fact, therefore, not considered to be necessarily widely accepted as the other four points). With these five facts, Habermas includes a wealth of scholarly research to back up his main thesis and argument. In my general opinion, I found the second-last chapter of this book to be the most interesting. In a neutral and non-argumentative fashion, Habermas has focused this chapter on giving insight, for teaching Christians how to engage non-believers on the topic of Jesus’ resurrection. He includes how, as Christians, we must be Christ-like in our approach towards non-believers; by talking through love, humility, truth, and passion; and that we must avoid being argumentative in our approach, or else we lose the audience that we are trying to minister to by creating conflict. I found this book to be very useful for many different things. This has an excellent source to use in Christian apologetics and evangelism, by using Habermas’ non-conflict approach. He has articulated a very clear and resourceful account of Jesus’ resurrection, without pushing too much facts upon the reader so that he would not lose their attention, or automatically have them conclude that Jesus was never resurrected; therefore, he avoided very eschatological sourcing and arguments. He stuck to this focus from the beginning of the book, and he carried on with it throughout the entirety. Lastly, this book is an excellent source for people who do not acknowledge the Bible as an authoritative piece of writing.

Struktura Inc Essay Example for Free

Struktura Inc Essay * Struktura, Inc. (SI) is a corporation owned by ALCO Group of Companies. * SI is practically a machine shop that manufactures car air-conditioners for Karkon others, steel frames for PGSEP and die casting needs of electronic companies. * 1987 Sales amounted P1. 32M of which roughly 72% are derived from other companies of ALCO. * PGSEP is also testing the solar home system (SHS), a stand-alone photovoltaic energy generation unit suited for a single household. SHS unit come in two variants: the 28 watt-peak (wp) and the other is 50wp. The components of SHS, except for the solar panels, were locally available. * PGSEP will be terminated by the year-end and is worried that their efforts in propagating the technology would be useless unless it identified a group to commercialize the project. * PGSEP invited Antionio Co, SI owner to inspect SHS and examine the possibility of commercializing SHS. PGSEP’s contract with the Philippine government disallowed PGSEP from commercializing the venture. * PGSEP Director offered Mr. Co the services of PGSEP staff if the latter will agree to making Burias community as the pilot phase. In 1987 there were 3. 3 million un-electrified households of which around 387,000 â€Å"un-electrified† households were living in Region V. * Mr. Co told his consultant that SHS is categorized as SI project and requested him to come up with recommendation Statement of the problem The company is considering whether or not to diversify its operations by venturing to assemble and market SHS units to un-electrified households of the country starting in Burias, Masbate wherein 120 customers are already on the waiting list. Objective * SI should analyze well the viability of the SHS project to Burias community and its potential acceptance to other un-electrified rural areas in the country considering that SHS is an emerging product. SI should come up with a thorough and objective project feasibility study.

Strategy used in dialog broadband

Strategy used in dialog broadband Strategy used in dialog broadband Executive Summary Dialog Telekom group is the leading telecommunication service provider in Sri Lanka. Their main goal is to be the best and the largest mobile telecommunication provider in Sri Lanka. Dialog Telekom was established in 1995. This company is one of the largest listed companies in Colombo stock exchange and its a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad. To be the leading telecommunication provider in Sri Lanka its not easy. They provide their customers with a wide range of services like Dialog TV, Dialog CDMA, Dialog Broadband and Dialog Mobile connection. Specially involve in a competitive industry. As for they various types of services provided by, Dialog Telecom, they operate as a separate division for Dialog Broadband which is our area of our research project. Dialog Broadband goal is to provide their customers with the best product in the market at a low cost, but not the least cost at a high service rate. Currently they have proudly achieved this by making sure that they provided their customers with the best service. At this rate it means more customers is equal to more company profit. Dialog Broadband expands their services into a wider range. Broadband internet, WiMax technology, WIFI technology and the Unlimited mobile broadband. They targeted the 500,000(approximately) 3g users in the country, dividing the market into two sections, Student and the General mass. Accordingly fixing separate price ranges to the appropriate segment, and a wide range of connection packages to them, and launched the Unlimited mobile broadband connection to them. In this report i will be discussing how to promote the Unlimited mobile broadband connection in the competitive market with the use of strategic management. Introduction Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to fulfill the requirements to complete the BIS3324 module. Topic and company chosen for the research The company I have selected for the research project was Dialog Broadband, and the topic I have chosen is The use of strategic management for promoting Dialog Mobile Broadband connectivity in the competitive market. Introduction to Dialog Broadband. Dialog Broadband is a Strategic business process unit of the Dialog Telecom Group, providing fixed telephony solutions, data networks, and broadband internet and coverage solutions. Dialog Broadband major products such as Broadband internet, WiMax technology, WiFi technology and the Unlimited mobile broadband. Ø Broadband internet Dialog Broadband draws on its far reaching infrastructure to bring the Internet direct to a users home or office. Ø Wimax technology This world-class technology enables scalable, carrier-class solutions to support thousands of users with a single base station, while providing differentiated service levels. WiMax is fast becoming the standard for the provision of broadband solutions worldwide. Ø WiFi technology Wi-Fi allows your business to deploy a network quickly, at lower cost, and with greater flexibility than a wired system. Productivity increases since workers can stay connected longer, and are able to collaborate with their co-workers as and where needed Ø Unlimited Mobile Broadband Dialog Mobile Broadband is Internet on your mobile its fast, and affordable. HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Ø Description of Unlimited Mobile Broadband Dialog Mobile Broadband is Internet on your mobile its fast, and affordable. HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Dialog offers Unlimited Mobile Broadband for a monthly rental of just Rs. 2,990/-. Sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5490/-. Monthly fee entitles customer to broadband usage of unlimited duration and unlimited data volume (download/upload) however subject to a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) whereby download/upload speeds would be reduced relative to their maximum levels following monthly usage exceeding 5GB. The FUP is designed to ensure that the service received by the vast majority of our customers is not negatively impacted because of extremely heavy usage by a very small minority of customers. Technology HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access. This technology literally brings high-speed access to users on the go. To access the world of streaming video, music, downloads, news and communication, simply get on the HSPA network. All you need is an HSPA modem and a data connection. Evolution 2g (sms) >> GPRS >> Edge >> 3g >> HSPA The evolution defines the connection level provided to the user, this depends on the number of users connected to a particular tower in a given area. The more the users connect to the tower, it shrinks the connection speed, but it does mean the customer will not get any connectivity, but the user will get a connection of a GPRS speed. 3G the Third Generation of wireless communication technology that allows you to enjoy a more seamless and magical General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabled networks offer always-on, higher capacity, Internet-based content Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is an extension to GPRS, EDGE allows faster data speeds enabling faster Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a world wide standard in the mobile telecommunication industry that lets you access Mobile Messaging is evolving beyond SMS text messaging with the introduction of MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) Short Message Service available on digital GSM networks allowing text messages of up to 160 characters User policy and Product Service The customer will experience 7.2Mbps download and 2Mbps Upload speed up to usage of 5GB. Once usage passes ahead of 5GB, the quality of service will be downgraded to download a speed of 384kbps and upload a speed of 64kbps and will continue for the next 1GB usage. Beyond 6GB the quality of service will be downgraded to download a speed of 64kbps and upload a speed of 16kbps. Online Research I have found the details from Dialog official website. Sales report Product description What are the strategies they are using? Strategy information Rogers Diffusion , Ansoffs Matrix Price comparison between Dialog and Mobitel. Strategies used in Dialog Broadband to promote the product Strategy Rogers Diffusion Curve Rogers Diffusion is defined as the communication process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market, while the rate of diffusion is defined as the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. Adoption, which is similar to diffusion, also deals with the psychological decision making processes of the individual, rather than those of an aggregate market. Rogers showed that a diffusion process in a social system follows an S-Curve in which the adoption of a technology begins with slow change, is followed by rapid change and ends in slow change as the product matures or new technologies emerge. He also held that people adopt new technological innovations at different times and at different rates. He then used the varying rates of adoption to distinguish different phases in the diffusion process allowing practitioners to assess such things as the life of a new product or service and the application of the correct set of marketing activities at the appropriate time. This process tracked through the diffusion curve is a decision-making process where an individual passes from the initial knowledge of an innovation to forming an attitude toward the innovation, to a decision to accept or reject it, then it implements the use of the new idea, and finally to confirmation of this decision. The increasing number of adopters follows the above mentioned S-shaped curve. The number of newly converted adopters plotted as a frequency histogram against time follows a bell-shaped Gaussian curve where the number of new adopters rises until halfway the S-curve after which their numbers decrease, To make the model actionable, Rogers introduced innovativeness the degree to which an individual is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than other members in a social system. Rogers Distinguished Adopters 1. INNOVATORS Innovator first 2.5% of adopters are brave and educated. They have several sources of information and show greater tendency to take risks. They will be thankful for technology for its own sake and are motivated by the idea of being a change agent in their reference group, they are willing to accept initial problems that may accompany new products or services and are willing to make shift solutions to such problems. 2. EARLY ADOPTERS The next 13.5% of adopters are Early Adopters. They are the social leaders, popular and educated. They are the visionaries in their market and are looking to accept and use new technology to achieve an innovative breakthrough that will achieve competitive advantage in their industries. They are attracted by high-risk, high-reward projects and are not that expensive because they imagine great gains in competitive advantage from adopting a new technology. They usually demand personalized solutions and quick-response, highly qualified sales and support. 3. EARLY MAJORITY After Early adopter the next is 34% of adopters are formed by the Early Majority. They are deliberate and have many informal social contacts. Slightly looking for revolutionary changes to gain productivity enhancements in their firms and they are motivated by evolutionary changes. They have three principles in adopting of new technology they are: When it is time to move, lets move all together: This means when adoption increases so rapidly in the diffusion process and causes a landslide in demand. When we pick a vendor it will lead us to the new model, let us all pick the same one: This means which firm will become the market leader. Once the transition starts, the earlier we get it over with, the better: This shows why the transition stage occurs rapidly. 4. LATE MAJORITY Then 34% of adopters are the Late Majority. They are doubtful, traditional and low socio-economic status. They are aware of price and require completely preassembled, bulletproof solutions. They are encouraged to buy technology just to stay even with the competition and often rely on a single, trusted adviser to help them make sense of technology. 5. LAGGARDS Finally the 16% of the adopters consist of Laggards. Laggards are technology doubters who want only to maintain the status. They tend not to consider that technology can enhance productivity and are likely to block new technology purchases. Rogers model has found wide appeal and application such as marketing and management science. The most important aspect about this model is the Bass Diffusion Model where new innovations are created by the interaction of current and potential users is described mathematically. Rogers diffusion Curve with the Dialog Product (HSPA) Talking about Rogers Diffusion curve with the dialog product, at the early stage before the product release, Dialog selected the Colombo Metropolitan area as their main target for the product launch, with the help of their Informations systems they were able to identify Five hundred thousand Dialog 3g users in this area. This identified target consists of two major segments The General Mass and the University Students. Referring to figure 1.0 shows the state of this process. This selected set of two is guaranteed to take the risk of using the new technology, which defines the Innovators curve in the diagram. Theses adopters are a portion of 2.5%. They are ready to face all the limitations that may accompany new products or services and to make shift solutions to such limitations. The next move along the curve will be towards the Early Adopters stage, which defines the product moving is moving towards the society. The society at this stage will be willing to adopt the new technology; this is the current position in which Dialog Broadband is standing now. It is in a much more competitive position than their competitors. This stage the company is offering their customers attractive rewards and very sensitive prices to gain competitive advantage. They look at the solutions to overcome the problems so that they wont face any difficulties in the future. They will even have better marketing strategy such as improved customer services, pricing and high turnover. As for time to come Dialog Broadband will encounter the stage Early Majority , when they move their sales to the outskirts of Colombo, people will have a evolutionary change with the enhancements in productivity and Technology. Figure 2.0 shows the state when the product is spread through society, the early adopters selects the technology first, followed by the majority, until a technology or innovation is common amongst the people. Dialog Broadband will have to keep improving the product to remain in the S-Curve. If not they will shift to the Late Majority stage, where the people with less social status who are price concerned, they buy the product only when its cheap. And finally going into the LAGGARDS stage, which be when people will be using the HSPA just to maintain their status quo. Strategy Ansoffs Matrix The Ansoff Product-Market Growth Matrix is a marketing tool which helps the business to make a decision and to work on their product and market stratigy. This will help the marketers to improve and will help the organizations to know what sort of actions should be taken to their business in the present or future markets. There are four types of strategies in this matrix. They are: * Market penetration (existing markets, existing products): This takes place when a company enters a market with current products. To achieve this there are so many ways such as by gaining competitors customers, attracting the customers who are not using your product or service, informing the current customers to use more of your product or service and you can advertise or do promotions about your product or services. When a company is growing understanding the market is the low risk which is involved in that. There are four objectives market presentation should be looked in to. They are, Secure area and expansion market Increase usage by existing customers Maintain and increase the share of the current market Restructure of growing up competitors and send them out. * Product development (existing markets, new products): This means when a organization introduces its new product into present market. For example, KFC is always within the fast-food industry, but very often it markets new products such as Twister, Double down chicken sandwich. When a firm introduces new products into the market, it can gain new customers for these products. Therefore new product development can be a key business development strategy for a company to stay competitive in the market. * Market development (new markets, existing products): A recognized product in the market can be changed or targeted to a different type of customers, as a strategy to earn more income for the organization. A very good example is, in the beginning Lucozade marketed for sick children and then rebranded to target the people who are involved in sports as energy drink. * Diversification (new markets, new products): Diversification is an organization which introduces new product in a new market. For example, Virgin Group which is in UK introduced Virgin Cola, Virgin Megastores, Virgin Airlines, and Virgin Telecommunications, to leverage the Virgin brand. This company entered new market which was not in the market previously. This strategy is a risk for the company because it is entering the market which doesnt have any experience. The matrix show, when the risk increases more the strategy goes up from the known quantity in the present product or service and market. Therefore higher risk will be involved in product development and new market other than present and future product and market. In his original work, Ansoff didnt use the matrix form, Igor Ansoff said that the diversification (future product and future market) strategy was apart from the other three. While the latter are usually followed with the same technical, financial, and merchandising resources which are used for the original product line, diversification usually requires new skills, new techniques, and new facilities. As a result it almost invariably leads to physical and organizational changes in the structure of the business which represent a distinct break with past business experience. For this reason, most marketing activity revolves around penetration; and the Ansoff Matrix, despite its fame, is usually of limited value although it does always offer a useful reminder of the options which are open. Ansoffs Matrix with the Dialog product When talking about the product Dialog broadband released 2 months ago, the HSPA device, it is the second product to enter into the market of wireless internet connection. First to launch was their main competitor Mobitel with a similar type of product. Dialog broadband waited eight months after their competitor launched the product to release their product. For a company like dialog that has a very high market for its current products, focused on their new product the HSPA, to cater to the current market, they came up with the HSPA as new product into the market which was created by their competitor by improving the product itself in terms of technology with much more connectivity and broadband facilities to their customers. Whenever new products are released it tends to it can gain new customers for these products. This stage they entered into the market was the stage of Market development in the Ansoffs Matrix, they are competing with their rivals giving more facilities to their target sector of customer. Setting more reasonable price according to the catered segment. In order to compete with their competitors Dialog broadband must provide better pricing schemes, promotion offers, and target a specific group of customers. If a company needs to stay competitive in the competitive market it should use product development as their business development strategy. How Competition is done Companys Environment is supported to market the Mobile HSPA Dialog Telekom has grown to become Sri Lankas flagship telecommunications company. Operating in an oligopolistic market (mobile telecommunications in Sri Lanka), the company operates Dialog GSM, the countrys largest mobile phone network. Dialog was the first to introduce the concept of GSM in to Sri Lanka and has thereafter reinforced itself with technologies such as GPRS and 3G. Dialog has also managed to invest sufficiently into its network in order to grid a majority of the populated areas in Sri Lanka. Due to this significant investment in its base stations, Dialog Telekom provides the widest cellular coverage in the country. The company boasts 6 switching centers and 625 base stations covering 85% of all habited areas in the island. The Companys subscribed base account for (approximately) 60% of the countrys mobile sector and 40% of total telecommunication subscribers. When you consider the environment, the Dialog has competition like any other company. Main competitor is Mobitel. Mobitel is providing the HSPA Broadband Connection but the price and the customer base of mobitel they cannot compete with dialog Dialog takes a new step into the market, every time with a strategy that is very tactful. For the past 12 years Dialog has been leading the Sri Lankan Mobile Telecommunication market. Their main strategies are focused on, Captured Customer share Market Competition Increasing Market Share Locking Competition 1. Captured Customer Share Dialog GSM for the past decade has been valuing the customers as the King. Dialog also well known for showing Customer Satisfaction has been banking on it. Dialog Sathkaraya a new banner under which Dialog markets on Customers Relationship. This is in keeping with their Vision that To lead in the provision of technology enabled connectivity touching multiple human sensors and faculties, through committed adherence to customer driven, responsive and flexible business processes, and through the delivery of quality service and leading edge technology unparalleled by any other, spurred by an empowered set of dedicated individuals who are driven by an irrepressible desire to work as one towards a common goal in the truest sense of team spirit. (Dialog Telekom) 2. Market Competition Having 7million mobile users in the country, Dialog Telecom is maintaining a customer base of 4million users, and 500,000 3g uses in the country, with 50,000 in the Colombo Metropolitan. Their competitor contains 2million users and a small amount of 3g users, at this rate Dialog is having a heavy customer base which gives them an advantage when selling the product to them. 3. Increasing Market Share It is expected that the Dialog will be in a position to sustain their market share which is about 60% of the countries mobile sector market. The Dialog has already brought in a substantial reduction in their rates and services with a view to attract more customers as their competitor launched it 8months before them. This strategy would definitely show tangible results towards expanding their market share. 4. Locking Competition The Dialog has been the leader in providing mobile telecommunication services in Sri Lanka, having a market share of 60%. So, the balance 40% is being shared by three operators namely, Mobitel, Tigo and Hutch. These three operators are not in a position to compete with Dialog for the simple reason that the Dialog has advanced very much technologically with a higher turnover and producing the services at a very low cost. So, competing with Dialog is not an easy task for these three competitors. But when Airtel comes into the market with attractive packages it is expected that Airtel might penetrate into the market and capture the market occupied by the three operators to a greater extend. But the Dialog will remain still competitive and will be able to sustain their position. Apita computer naha Concept Few days after launching the product the company realized that they needed to cater its products furthermore; its then when they came up with this idea of Apita computer naha, which caters the market of people who dont have computers. This concept contains a coupled offer of DELL laptop with the HPS device, this make a lot of sense when catering to that set of people. This was given out at the most reasonable price of Rs 83,000/-, on a monthly installment basis of Rs 6977/- with Windows Vista or Rs 6477/- with Ubuntu. Dialog broadband main target in this marketing campaign was the university students and the users in the outer range of Colombo. Price wars Dialog Telekom is the leading telecommunication service provider amoung other telecommunication service providers in Sri Lanka. Their main goal is to provide the service to the cheapest rate not the very cheapest but up to some extend with a quality of service. When considering the 3G wireless internet the main compititor for dialog telicom is mobitel. They are providing the same service as Dialog. But when considering the prices of both service providers dialog gives away the service for the lowest rate. Eg: Dilaog provide E220 HSPA modem only for Rs 5490/-. But mobitel provides the same devise for Rs 19500/-. So thers big price gap between both dialog and mobitel. For my concern customers will attarct towards dialog because of their cheapest rates and the best quality of the service. However dialog has become the market leader in the telecommunication industry because customers are really happy with their service. They treat their customers really well. They believe that the company will get profits only if they able satisfy their loyal exsisting customers as well as thire new customers. Below u can see the price rangers of both dialog and mobitel packages and devises. Dialog offers Unlimited Mobile Internet for a monthly rental of just Rs. 2,990/-. Sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5490/-.But this is for General usage. They have introduced a promotion for university students. That is for the monthly rental of Rs. 1500/- sign up for 6 months and be eligible to purchase an E220 HSPA modem for Rs 5400/-. For my concern its a very valuable deal. Monthly fee entitles customer to internet usage of unlimited duration and unlimited data volume (download/upload) however subject to a Fair Usage Policy (FUP) whereby download/upload speeds would be reduced relative to their maximum levels following monthly usage exceeding 5GB. The FUP is designed to ensure that the customers receive the best service because minimum customers usage is high. Mobitel has introduced wide range of packages as well a devises for wireless internet facility for users. Mobitel has introduced wide range of packages for wireless internet facility for users. SWOT Analysis SWOT is a strategic method which the organizations use to know what are the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats involved in the business. Strength and Weakness are organizations internal issues. Opportunity and Threats are organization external issues. SWOT Analysis of Dialog Strength First GSM service provider in Sri Lanka Wide product range Skilled and dedicated Management team Island wide network coverage Strong customer base and public relations Cooperate business knowledge is high Reasonable price rage Weakness Front office employee turnover is high Comparing with competitors price should be improved Confusion and less motivation amongst the employees Less towers to get proper coverage Opportunity Reduce the price of the fixed lines Using advanced technology Introducing more value added services (VAS) Introducing new packages and other services. Having more towers to get better signal or coverage Threats Competition amongst other GSM service providers in Sri Lanka. Terrorism in Sri Lanka Changes in social, political, economic inside the country Changes in technology Changes in customers needs Research Methodologies A research was done with the Head of Corporate of Dialog Broadband Mr. Ravi Sivasithamparam, to get an overall idea on the product, the Strategies used by the company to market the product and the key to gain competitive advantage. v Research methods Questioners Interviews Online research Identified strategies after the interview v Strategies Rogers Diffusion Curve Ansoffs model Research Methods Questioners I contacted Mr. Ravi Sivasithamparam the Head of Corporate Service of Dialog Broadband on an informal conversation via telephone to grasp an idea on the related topic. He was very humble in explaining the Strategy used by the company, and how the product is marketed, the market segmentation, the marketing strategy, and services provided by them to the existing customers. Questioners Ø What is Dialog 3G High Speed Internet? Dialog 3G High Speed Internet is a high speed data connectivity service which will enable you to download and upload large files at very high speeds no matter where you are provided that you are within the 3G coverage. 3G High Speed Internet is powered by HSPA-one of the latest evolutions in wireless data transfer technology Ø What is HSPA? HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) combines the features of HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) enabling you to access data at speeds up to 7.2 Mbps Downlink and up to 1.98 Mbps Uplink, on devices supporting HSPA. Ø When talking about the competitive advantage what is the main advantage over your competitor? When talking about competition our main plus point is the price that we have set to our customers, we have located them into two sections, the General mass and the University students. We provide them with a different range of packages according to their budget, which our competitor has not come up with until now. Ø How has IS helped your organization with launching the product? This has also played a key part when we were to launch the product, with the help of IS we were able to track the 500,000 3g users in the country. And 50,000 regular 3g users from the Colombo Metropolitan. This was the key reason we first target our product launch to the Colombo Metropolitan. IS has also helped us in setting the price for our users, according to their sector Ø What are the startegies used in Dialog? Mainly the Rogers difussion Curve and the ansoff model.This is a new product to a current market. Ø What is Rogers Diffusion Curve? Everett Rogers defines diffusion as the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Rogers definition contains four elements that are present in the diffusion of innovation process. The four main elements are: Innovation An idea, practices, or objects that is perceived as knew by an individual or other unit of adoption. Communication channels The means by which messages get from one individual to another. Time The three time factors are: (A) Innovation-decision process (B) Relative time with which an innovation is adopted by an individual or group. (C) Innovations rate of adoption. Social system A set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem solving to accomplish a common goal. Ø Mobitel also providing the same service, What

Deception in Jonsons Volpone Essay examples -- Jonson Volpone

Deception in Volpone In Volpone, Ben Jonson emphasizes the fun and the humor of deceit, but he does not overlook its nastiness, and in the end he punishes the deceivers. The play centers around the wealthy Volpone, who, having no wife or children, pretends to be dying and, with the help of his wily servant Mosca, eggs on several greedy characters, each of whom hopes to be made Volpone's sole heir. Jonson's ardent love of language reveals itself throughout the play, but especially in the words of Mosca and Volpone, who relish the deceptive powers of language. Volpone himself pursues his schemes partly out of greed, but partly out of his passionate love of getting the best of people. He cannot resist the temptation to outsmart those around him, particularly when fate delivers him such perfect gulls as the lawyer Voltore, the merchant Corvino, the doddering old Corbaccio, and the foolish English travelers Sir Politic and Lady Would-Be. Mosca too revels in his ability to beguile others, remarking "I fear I s hall begin to grow in love / With my dear self," so thrilled is he with his own manipulations. His self-love, however, proves his undoing, as it does for Volpone. Both characters become so entranced by their own elaborate fictions that they cannot bring themselves to stop their scheming before they betray themselves. Jonson's audience would have recognized both the wily Volpone and the parasitical Mosca as stereotypically Italian. English playwrights frequently borrowed characters from Italian drama and from Italy's comic dramatic tradition, the commedia dell'arte. Venice, the setting for Volpone, evoked the glory of Italian art and culture, but also Italy’s decadence and corruption, which the English view... ...trations were well known to be more than just "a little obscene," as she says. We are encouraged to laugh with Volpone and Mosca at the pretensions and hypocrisies of Lady Would-Be and the other ever-hopeful "heirs"; but ultimately Jonson chooses to punish the deceivers and asks us to side, however reluctantly, with the Venetian Senate in condemning them. Voltore, Corvino, and the others may richly deserve to be tricked, but Volpone and Mosca are not agents of justice, and we must not confuse them with such truly virtuous characters as Celia and Bonario. Nevertheless, Jonson gives Volpone the last word in the play's Epilogue, where Volpone asks our forgiveness, and we find ourselves in complicity with him once again. We are invited in the end to revel in the delightfulness of deception, and of language, and to suspend, if only briefly, our moral judgments.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald with notes and preface by Matthew J. Bruccoli   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book many major characters were introduced some of which include: Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker, along with George and Myrtle Wilson. Jay Gatsby is the main protagonist of the story. While being famous for his lavish parties he also portrays a sense of mystery and uncertainty regarding his wealth. Nick Carraway is neighbors with Jay Gatsby and has just moved from Minnesota in hopes to learn the business of bonds and advance even more in his education. Daisy Buchanan is the woman, which Gatsby desperately desires to have. Daisy had promised to wait for Gatsby but her love for luxury and wealth was too great. Daisy then goes on to marry Tom Buchanan. Jordan Baker is involved with Nick Carraway romantically; she portrays a new woman of the 1920s and cannot at times be trusted. Tom Buchanan at one point went to school with Nick Carraway. Tom has his suspicions of Daisy’s relationship with Gatsby and questions the possibility of Daisy having an affair. George and Myrtle Wilson are husband and wife but Myrtle has a lover who is Tom Buchanan. George is incredible upset with Myrtle’s death and continues to kill Gatsby who took the blame for Myrtle’s death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel takes place in the summer time somewhere around 1922. The location where the story takes place occurs in Long Island and New York City, New York. The mood of the story has an elegant yet emotional feel almost throughout the whole book. The emotional side is perfectly demonstrated by the amount of drama that goes on with Gatsby and Daisy relationship. While the elegant side is clearly demonstrated by the lavish parties thrown by Gatsby himself and the coveted East Egg side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the book we learn that Gatsby and Nick Carraway are neighbors and that Nick has connections with some of the people in the East Egg side. Later on Nick attends a dinner with Tom and Daisy Buchanan where he learns details of Tom and Daisy’s marriage. While at the dinner Nick is introduced to a woman named Jordan Baker. Words are passed between the two concerning others relationships. Next Nick engages in a party thrown by Jay Gatsby. During the party Nick learns of Gatsby’s past then he goes on to learn his plans for the near future.

Treatments for Depression Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Treatments for Depression Clinical depression is a disease that involves feelings of sadness lasting for longer than two weeks and is often accompanied by a loss of interest in life, hopelessness, and decreased energy. (3) Depression affects 340 million people in the world today. One in every 4 women and one in every 10 men develop depression during their lifetime. About half the cases of depression are untreated and about 10 to 15 percent of all depressed people commit suicide. (4) There are many different types of depression including major depression, Bipolar Disorder, Dysthymia, and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and there are different degrees of depression ranging from less severe to major severe. (3) There are various ways to treat depression, but what most people do not know is that depression is one of the most treatable mental illnesses. There are a variety of drugs called antidepressants which help to increase certain neurotransmitters in your brain. There are also various types of counseling, psychotherapy, self-help techniques, and alternative therapies to help a person overcome depression. In many cases, doctors combine different forms of therapies and treatments to produce the best result in depression cases. (1) The most widely used therapy today is antidepressants. Antidepressants are usually divided into three categories: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI), Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA), and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOAI). (1) SSRIs raise the level of serotonin in the brain because low levels of this neurotransmitter have been connected to depression. TCAs increase the level of norepinephrine in the brain. MOAIs increase the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in ... ... because of the many dangerous side affects associated with them. Maybe one day there will be a cure for depression just as we are searching for a cure for cancer or AIDS, and then people will not have to deal with this disease that causes them to lose 10 percent of the productive years during their lives.(4) References 1)Depression Treatment and Help http://www.about-depression.com/treatments-for-depression/treatment-overview.php 2)50+Health-Home/Treatments for Depression http://www.50plushealth.co.uk/index.cfm?articleid=461 3)Other Treatments for Depression http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/depression/DEP_other.html 4)Depression- Net, Info on Depression http://www.depression-net.com/ 5)Major Depressive Disorder: Treatment http://www.mentalhealth.com/rx/p23-md01.html#Head_2 6)Depression Treatment http://www.apa.org/journals/anton.html

Bullying in the Philippines Essay

A few years ago, the idea that bullying in the Philippines is widespread was thought to be a joke. People thought that bullying wasn’t as bad as the bullying seen in American teen movies. We Filipinos thought that bullying isn’t even an issue here in our country. But recently, our eyes have been opened to the reality that bullying is a bigger issue in the Philippines than we originally thought. Out of nowhere, cases like the online bullying of Christopher Lao, Tito Sotto, and the most recent case, Pauline Salvosa. It can really make us wonder how a country we thought of as Bully-free can produce such acts of hate towards another. If people can bully others to this extent even the public’s eye, what about during their everyday lives where they are unsupervised and much freer to do whatever they want, whenever they want to do it; whether it is in the workplace, home, and in this study’s case, at the school. This study will focus on that. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of the effects that in-class bullying can have on a high school teenager. It is important to study this issue because school is one of the foundations of the formation of an individual’s character. A major challenge confronting DepEd here in the Philippines is the rising number of cases of in-class bullying in the country despite their efforts to stop the occurrence of In-Class Bullying. Sotto, Lao, and Salvosa were all greatly affected by the bullying. Salvoso and Lao were greatly depressed by the verbal attacks, Sotto even created a law against it. If these three victims were really shaken by the bullying, what about the other people who go through bullying every day in their neighborhood, in the workplace, and in school? What about the children in school who also experience this every day? If three grown adults are all affected by this, how much greater does it affect the kids who are still developing their inte llectual and emotional quotients? This will be the focus of the study, and the following questions will be answered: 1.) How much of their self-concept is affected by the bullying? 2.) What actions do these teens consider as bullying? 3.) Are there other factors that affect the development of the Self-Concept other than bullying? 4.) How much of their self-concept has changed over the period of time that the individual has been bullied? 5.) How do the teens cope with the bullying? Research Objectives The study will aim to discover more about how bullying schools affect the formation of one’s self-concept. It will help us in analyzing the effects, thus giving us more ways to deal with it. The research will help open a new dimension of understanding for bullies, parents, and most importantly, the victims themselves, on how to approach the issue of bullying in schools and it will help pave the way in developing a better idea of how to handle a bullying situation. This study will also help us see how big an issue bullying has become here in Baguio city. In order to accomplish these objectives, a survey and a conversational analysis of interviews will be carried out. The survey’s aim is to formulate a universal definition of what the students deem as â€Å"bullying†, while the interviews will help the study determine how the students are affected by in-class bullying. Significance of the Study Bullying is becoming a rather big issue here in the Philippines and this study will help us understand the gravity of the issue that in-class bullying gives. There have been many cases of bullying here in the Philippines, even if we exclude the cyber-bullying cases. The Department of Education has even released a statement about the alarming increase of bullying cases in the country. It is imperative to know why this is happening and how it can be mitigated. The significance of this study is that it may help researchers may use this research’s findings as basis a related research topic. This study might even encourage these future researchers to delve deeper in the issue and create a more detailed and in-depth version of the research topic. It will also serve as basis in the study of the issues related to bullying, the self-concept, and the interpersonal communication patterns of individuals. The study will also provide more in-depth view of the issue of bullying because it focuses on a condition vital to the formation of one’s self-concept. Through this study, students will become aware of the great effects that bullying can have on others and this can help reduce the occurrence of sever bullying cases. Finally, the results of this study will provide some insights and information on how much bullying can change an individual’s view of himself/herself, how it can affect the way they interact with others, and how it c an change their view of the world they live in. Scope and Delimitations The scope of the study will focus on 3rd year – 4th year male and female high school students in Baguio city who are enrolled in schools here in Baguio. These schools are the University of Baguio Science High School. The study does not include students who do not have a junior standing in class. The study will not also focus on the schools that are not enrolled in the top three high schools in Baguio city. This study will not also include out of school teens.

Guidelines for Writing the Three Major Parts of the Literature Review Essay

The introductory section should describe the topic (problem area, guiding concept, theme or research question or problem) that is being reviewed. Aim for an â€Å"eye catching opening sentence†. Sometimes this is a dramatic expression of a number to catch the reader’s attention such as the prevalence of a disease, crime rate, school drop out rate, or sales volume. Be sure the topic is focused on the literature that will be reported. Briefly define the key concepts. Introduce these immediately. The topic should be sufficiently focused to permit an in-depth, substantial investigation, relevant to an area of advanced study/global leadership that guides a range of inquiry, results in an extensive search of scholarly literature, and generation of questions for further inquiry. The purpose of a literature review is presented in the introduction. Bourner (1996) reports the following Purposes – of a literature review – (reasons for a review of the literature) before embarking on a research project. These reasons include: †¢ to identify gaps in the literature  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will save time and it can stop you from making the same mistakes as others) †¢ to carry on from where others have already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the platform of existing knowledge and ideas) †¢ to identify other people working in the same fields (a researcher network is a valuable resource) †¢ to increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area †¢ to identify seminal works in your area †¢ to provide the intellectual context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work †¢ to identify opposing views †¢ to put your work into perspective †¢ to demonstrate that you can access previous work in an area †¢ to identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project †¢ to identify methods that could be relevant to your project Bourner, T. (1996). The research process: Four steps to success in T. Greenfield (Ed. ), Research methods: Guidance for postgraduates (pp. 7-11). London: Arnold. Retrieved 8-13-02 from Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology RMIT University http://www. lib. rmit. edu. au/tutorials/literature/litrev. html As you attempt to define concepts (variables) and their relationships to other variables, if applicable, identify causal (independent) variables and effects (dependent variables). You may also identify other variables that can be contextual, intervening, or mediating (see Creswell, pp. 94-95 or other texts). After you introduce the topic area properly (instructions follow), you will develop a succinct one-sentence purpose of the review. Three examples of a concluding purpose statement in the overview are: Example 1: The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the theoretical and empirical literature on web-based instruction as an instructional method in distance education, with an emphasis on effectiveness studies that focus on instructional effectiveness, student learning outcomes, retention, student perceptions of this method of course delivery, and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is â€Å"instructional method of web-based instruction† and the effects (dependent variable) are instructional effectiveness, student learning outcomes, retention, and student perceptions. Example 2: The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is to (a) examine historical and current literature to evaluate whether gender workplace bias exists; (b) explore the impact such a bias would have on women in the workplace, specifically women moving up the corporate ladder; and, (c) identify any theoretical or empirical gaps in the literature for the purpose of suggesting future areas of scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is â€Å"gender bias against women in the workplace† and the effect (dependent variable) is mobility up the corporate ladder. Example 3 (Review carefully): The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is explore the influence of organizational leadership and other factors on organizational performance, in for-profit and not-for profit service organizations, and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variables (independent) are â€Å"organizational leadership† and â€Å"other factors†, contextual (intervening or mediating) variables are the type of organization (product versus service) and profit/non-profit, and the effect (dependent variable) is organizational performance. Please note in developing your purpose statement, that the purpose statement begins with The purpose of †¦. and concludes with a statement related to identifying future areas of scholarly inquiry. 9 Instructions: Writing An Overview and Purpose (Follow precisely) *Review Blackboard Forum 5. Use your information and faculty comments for strengthening, as a guide to develop your Overview and Purpose (see items #1-9 below). *Draft 1 is due Week 3. Review Forum 6. You will get a great start if you develop this well. 1. Using the template: a. Develop a preliminary title for the Review and include on the title page. The title should include the main concepts and themes (and/or key theories) for this review. Remember this is a critical analysis of the literature NOT a research study!!!! In no area of this paper, should you refer to this Review of Literature as a research study!!!!!! b. For the Introduction to the Literature, insert a brief subtitle preceding the colon for the level heading: ___: Overview and Purpose. 2. Under the Overview and Purpose, introduce the paper with an â€Å"eye catching† opening sentence for the first paragraph. 3. After the â€Å"eye catching† opening sentence, briefly – describe the topic (problem area, guiding concept, theme). Get to the point – don’t let the reader guess what the review is about –a few sentences. 4. Next include brief definitions of each of the major concepts and cite references for these definitions in appropriate APA format. BE BRIEF – this is not the literature but an introduction to it! Anything you present in the introduction is developed in depth in the Review of the Literature. 5. Next, very briefly, attempt to identify how the literature explains these variables and their relationships to other variables. Include as many as possible variables because this will help in constructing a literature map. The map will show relationships between the variables as you describe here. – Begin with the following: The causal variables (independent are) †¦ The effects (dependent/outcome variables are†¦ Contextual (intervening or mediating) variables that further impact the dependent or outcome variables are †¦. 6. Discuss how the topic area was identified and your reasons (point of view) for selecting the topic area to conduct your critical analysis of the literature. Review the Guidelines: How to Start – Select a Topic and Overview and Purpose, including purposes identified by Bourner (1996). Begin with the following: The topic area of ____ was selected because___. 7. Explain what you want to know about the topic. Review Hart, 1999, p. 14 (Questions the Review Can Answer). Begin with the following: Some questions to be answered through this critical analysis of the literature are:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Answer the following: Is the topic about the problems in a discipline or field of study, the processes in a discipline or field of study, or the practices in a discipline or field of study? Processes can refer to various epistemologic processes to develop knowledge (also See Hart, 1999, p. 14). Introduce this clearly so the reader knows what you are speaking about. Begin with the following: The problem area of †¦ is about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. Conclude the Overview and Purpose with a clearly formulated statement of purpose of the literature review. Use the examples in the guidelines, as a guide to develop this. Make this clear (see examples in the previous lecture note). Begin with the following and include the ending The purpose of this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. Organization of the Review, Scope, and Library Research Plan Organization of the Review Lecture Collect appropriate articles, read critically, identify concepts, theories, and themes, and think about the best way to present your topic. Write these concepts, theories, and themes down (see your Blackboard forum 5 submission and instructor response. Develop a Literature Map. This is a Content Map (Concept Map or Mind Map): All students will have a literature map that will guide the organization of the review and literature search. Build (draw) a visual picture of the concepts and their relationships, which results in a literature map. These evolve from your topic, key concepts, ideas, theme, and/or purpose. Don’t introduce new information or concepts. It should first be introduced in the overview. The literature map is presented in-depth here. There are many methods to organize the review, which often change as you learn more about the topic. Concept Mapping – Representing information in diagram form where key words are linked by lines. These lines are then labeled to express the relationship between the terms. The resulting ‘map’ shows links between key ideas and can then be read through to clarify relationships between key terms. a. Definition and Purpose of a Literature Map. This map is a visual/graphic representation of concepts, ideas, and themes that serve to guide thinking. In this case, the purpose is to guide the search and organizational presentation of your review. This map serves to: i. Develop ideas for your review ii. Show relationships and interrelationships between the concepts, theories, and themes – and if so, what type of relationships iii. Assist in organizing old knowledge and integrating it with new knowledge iv. Guide your literature search plan/strategy v. Identify subtitles (subheadings) to organize your literature review so that you can communicate your ideas systematically. vi. A literature/content map is a creative, intuitive, and artistic endeavor to see how things fit – to generate alternatives. It is also analytical and critical, based on what you are finding in the literature. REVIEW THESE LINKS A simplified explanation of understanding of a Content map is described in the following URL – web link – http://users.edte. utwente. nl/lanzing/cm_home. htm b. Various types of Graphic or Visual Organizers (review this online. Click each box) (you need to have the syllabus downloaded and Internet connection on) |Chain of Events |Clustering |Compare/Contrast | |Continuum |Cycle |Family Tree | |Fishbone |Interaction Outline |Problem/Solution | |Spider |Storyboard |Venn Diagram | Source: http://www. sdcoe. k12. ca. us/score/actbank/sorganiz. htm Other Web sites: Graphic or Visual Organizers Graphic or Visual Organizers: A good site review this online by clicking link. http://edservices. aea7. k12. ia. us/edtech/classroom/workshops/organizers. html http://www. cast. org/ncac/index. cfm? i=3015 http://www. veale. com. au/phd/files/Lit_Map. pdf Some diagrams of content maps are depicted in the following URL web link http://trochim. human. cornell. edu/research/epp2/epp2. htm#Table1 Free Mind Mapping Software (Smart Draw) http://www. smartdraw. com/specials/mindmapping. asp? id=13054 Readings on Mapping Ideas: See Hart, 1999, pp. 142-162 Blackboard’s Assignments Toolbar: See example of literature maps in Assignments – Weeks 1-8 Literature Review (Critical Analysis) 50%. Within this folder is information on PowerPoint Presentation and Student Examples. Most of the student examples include literature maps for RES 702 (RES600) students. Organizing the review of the literature by themes, theories, or major concepts and related concepts provides a â€Å"frame for the central topic† to organize. In this case, you may proceed inductively or deductively. http://trochim. human. cornell. edu/kb/dedind. htm Exercise in Deductive/Inductive thinking: http://www2. sjsu. edu/depts/itl/graphics/induc/ind-ded. html#3b For example, a deductive approach might start with the broader view or concept(s) then move to the specific topic area. Example FOLLOWS: A literature map (Figure 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature about distance learning. The map shows a deductive pattern of the major themes, using an â€Å"interaction line style† type of graphic organizer. Beginning with the broadest concept of distance education, web-based instruction interacts with student characteristics, which leads to evaluation of effectiveness of web-based instruction in distance education. . . . Other concepts and their relationships to guide the review are . . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Other Organizational Methodologies for Reviews: While RES 702 students are asked to develop literature maps that serve to organize the review, with more scholarly experience and depending upon the topic, you could also present the Review using an â€Å"opposing view† or â€Å"methodological approach†. This is not expected now. c. The literature map generates an outline for the Review of the Literature Review â€Å"Why do an Outline, and Basic Outlining skills: http://www. und. edu/instruct/wstevens/PROPOSALCLASS/PATRAS. html http://www. mnstate. edu/wasson/ed603/ed603lesson5. htm An outline provides a blueprint, skeleton, or a roadmap for the final written review. An outline is an organizational process that is a logical description of the important components of the literature review. It provides a visual and conceptual design for writing. 1. Identify the main points in the order they should be presented. 2. Differentiate each main heading into logical subheadings. 3. Use further subdivisions if necessary. IT IS STRONGLY SUGGESTED THAT YOU INCLUDE A SECTION ON MEASUREMENT OF YOUR MAJOR VARIABLES. REPORT SOME OF THE MAJOR METHODS, TOOLS, OR INSTRUMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN PRIOR STUDIES TO MEASURE THE KEY CONCEPTS IN YOUR OUTLINE. Notice in the outline that follows, a sub-level heading is measurement of leadership and organizational performance. In the Review of the Literature section, you would then describe the tools whether qualitative or quantitative, and reliability, validity (quantitative tools), and trustworthiness of qualitative tools. Run a Proquest or Google search such as: â€Å"measurement leadership†. This saves you time in the QP and literature in the †dissertation† where you need to know how your variables have been studied and measured. It is best to have MORE detail in these themes. You can always change later. Example of an Outline: (Let us say that the following concepts are present in the literature map which could be Chain of Events, Clustering, or Interaction Outline. This is an example of an outline (quite detailed). It includes the major concepts that can be used for the literature search, and the outline is placed in the 2nd part of this Review (Review of the Literature) to organize how to present the literature. Leadership Classical, Progressive, Risk Leadership Theories Traits and Characteristics of Leaders; Leadership, Power and Influence; Gender and Equity Issues in Leadership Practice Cultural Issues and Leadership Developing Teams Leading Organizational Change Organizational Leadership Development; Strategic Leadership Leadership Measurement Organizational Performance Dimensions of Organizational Performance Organizational Climate Individual Performance Team Performance Supplier/Vendor Perspectives Customer Satisfaction Financial Performance Effectiveness Indicators Performance Driven Organizations Competency Modeling Managing Performance 360 Degree Feedback Collaborative Change Organizational Performance Measurement: Output (Activities) and Outcome (Results) Measures Factors Influencing Organizational Performance Leadership and Performance of Organizations Leadership Style and Team Performance Leadership Style and Organizational Outcomes Leadership Style and Vendor/Supplier and Customer Satisfaction Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Effectiveness 7 Instructions for Writing the Organization of the Review Do not present literature that you reviewed here. Just respond to questions 1-7. 1. After you design the literature map, begin with the statement: A literature map (Figure 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature in this review about ___. 1. Next, describe the specific type of organizer that you used to design your map (for example, cluster, chain of events, cycle, etc). To do this, you need to review this syllabus on line, and click the different URL links of examples of visual or graphic organizers (review preceding lecture which provides several types). 2. Identify the specific the concepts, theories, and themes that are in your literature map. 3. Next, briefly, describe the relationships between these concepts, theories and themes (such as what leads to what? Which are the causal, outcome and/or intervening variables? Are the concepts organized inductively or deductively? This all refers to the concepts, theories, and themes in your literature map. 4. Next explain that in addition to guiding the literature search, the literature map serves to identify themes, theories, and concepts that will organize the Literature Review. Present these theories, concepts, and themes in outline form, differentiating each main heading into logical subheadings. (Keep it simple). 5. Due for draft 1, go to the next major section (Review of the Literature) – insert these themes/concepts as level headings/sublevel headings in outline form. They serve to organize the Review of the Literature. Use appropriate APA (see p. 113 of APA) level headings. An example using APA level headings, is shown in the next major section of these guidelines. The concepts and themes for the example, uses the outline of themes previously discussed (leadership and organizational performance). 6. Insert the Figure 1, Literature Map at the end of this discussion of the Organization of the Review (before Scope and Context). a. Make sure that you develop your literature map in a software application that can be copied and pasted into your Microsoft word document containing your paper. b. Make sure the map is an appropriate size and fits within the required paper margins. c. The Figure and #, and Title (Literature Map) belong at the bottom, centered: Figure 1 Literature Map Your goal is to have the map well-developed in draft 1 and finalized in (draft 2). It is expected that this map will change as you â€Å"tighten† and â€Å"organize your literature review in the next section† as well as well as in your qualifying paper. Refine this part with each new draft (and particularly as your literature map evolves). Scope and Context Lecture This section lets the reader know what is and is not included in your literature review (scope). The topic is described in such a way that an appropriate context for the review of the literature is established, in a meaningful, logical way. The key terms here are included/excluded. You can restate the theories, concepts and constructs that you will include and obvious theories, concepts and constructs you won’t include (Look at your problem and topic area). Identify what might be included in the search in terms of types of organizations (public/private; for-profit, not for profit; service/product; types of businesses, types of educational institutions); populations such as young versus old; gender; cultural groups; countries; or type of occupation. The major types of scholarly literature to review are: empirical studies, review articles (critical analysis), theoretical articles/books, methodological articles, and case studies. These types of literature may be in the form of a book, hard copy journal articles, and electronic journal articles. The following are different types and forms of literature: Periodical Abstract in a primary source, Abstract in a secondary source, Periodical (hard copy), Periodical (electronic), Non-periodical (Book), Non-periodical (chapter in a book), Proceeding of meetings or symposia, Doctoral Dissertations (including abstracts), Unpublished work, Audio-Visuals, Newspaper, Government documents, and Electronic Media. 5 Instructions for Writing the Scope and Context 1. As you write this, discuss what is and is not included. Regarding the topic or problem area, discuss what is and is not included in terms of concepts/theories, applications to different populations and settings. 1. Identify the forms (not types) of publications that are included. You don’t need to name specific articles, but identify the forms of literature to be included. 2. Identify the discipline(s) you are focusing in (e. g. , education, health, business, criminal justice, accounting, sociology)? Included specialized areas within these disciplines, such as: gender theories in sociology, accounting ethics, special education for specified populations, urban violence, etc. 3. Identify the scope in terms of the years (period of time) that your literature review covers and exclusions. 5. Discuss whether you are limiting your review to U. S. literature, and/or Global literature. For global literature, identify the â€Å"countries†. If seminal books are emphasized, include the titles. Refine this part with each new draft (and particularly as your literature expands). Library Research Plan and Strategy Lecture THIS IS THE PLAN, NOT THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE!! The review is presented in the second major section (Review of the Literature) Searching the Literature: A good review of the literature is dependent upon knowledge of the use of indexes and abstracts, the ability to conduct exhaustive bibliographic searches, and ability to organize the collected data meaningfully. Information literacy skills assist with information seeking and retrieval methods and scholarly communication. Recognize scholarly and peer reviewed journals (See Week 1 Lecture). The e-Learning tutorials about Lynn Library can assist research students with the development of literature reviews using electronic databases, abstracts, bibliographic software, Internet searching, Library catalogue searching, subject resources, off-campus searching, and research and writing skills. You need to complete the tutorials. Library Research Plan/Strategy: In reporting your library plan/strategy, identify concepts, themes (key words) or descriptors and search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Be consistent with the Literature map concepts and themes. Focus your search on primary scholarly works including: empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry. Recognize the differences between these types of scholarly inquiry. Review dissertation abstracts. Did you do a Lynn Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn)? Did you search selected journals? Did you limit the search to peer-review journals? Did you limit the search to certain years? If you are having difficulty in your library search, you may make an appointment with the Reference Librarian who may assist in building effective search strategies. When visiting the Library, you should come prepared with your search words. Requesting Materials: It is suggested that you read the abstracts before requesting the materials from the Librarian, because certain abstracts may provide enough information to help you make a decision on the material’s relevance. Expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature, that is of value and relevant. While many published review articles may have more than 100 cited references, due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 â€Å"relevant†, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Don’t use references from â€Å"consulting firms† or firms that are â€Å"promoting† their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. Types and Forms of Literature: Minimum Requirements i. The preference is that you review a variety of types and forms of literature so that you many learn to: ii. Search for and evaluate different types and forms information iii. Integrate a variety of types information in the text of your paper iv. Recognize classic (seminal) works as well as current literature Give yourself time to read the material; do not make a library request for everything at once. Readings: Search Strategy worksheet: http://library. humboldt. edu/infoservices/sstrawrksht. htm http://www. noodletools. com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine. html http://www. lynn. edu/clientuploads/Library/Graduatestudentsmanual. doc 11 Instructions for Writing the Library Research Plan and Strategy In a Review, a discussion of the plan or strategy you used to develop your literature search is presented. Don’t discuss what you â€Å"will† do, but rather â€Å"what you did†. 1. Identify the descriptors (concepts, themes, theories, phrases/key words) used to search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Include â€Å"themes† or groups of words used in the search plan. Add the terms â€Å"theory† or â€Å"research† to your themes when you are searching. You should uses many â€Å"themes† to limit the search. Example of a theme for a library search: â€Å"leadership organizational performance research†. Try to include several themes. 2. Report databases used in your library search. 3. Indicate which of the following types of primary scholarly works were reviewed: empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry (aim to obtain all of these)? 4. Were secondary citations of references used in your paper? Explain Why? Review APA p. 247 to understand a secondary citation of a source. Remember that these need to be limited. In your dissertation, you need to mostly use primary sources of literature. Remember that if you report literature from secondary sources in your paper use (as cited in __). 5. Explain if you reviewed dissertation abstracts (yes/no). If so, on what topics, which abstracts? You should use these. 6. Explain if you did a Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn or where? ) Yes/ or no 7. Provide the titles of the key journals reviewed. (Put these titles in Italics). 8. Indicated whether or not you limited the search to peer-reviewed journals? 9. Indicate if you limited the search to certain years? If so, which years? 10. Refer the reader to the example of a library Search Print-out that you will place in Appendix A. 11. Report any problems encountered in your library search and how these problems were managed. Refine this part with each new draft. Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis Lecture In this last part of the introduction to the literature review, you explain the importance and significance of the Review that will follow. As you read more, you will find more rationale as to why this review is important. Provide a transition sentence from this Introduction to the Review of the Literature. Then end with a statement that explains how the Review will conclude in the Discussion section. Example of concluding statement: As an emerging method of instructional delivery in higher education, and one that continually evolves with the growth in technology, it is important to understand its impact on learning, retention, instruction, and students. This critical analysis of the literature concludes with a summary and interpretation of theoretical, empirical, and methodological literature, conclusions, and recommendations for future scholarly inquiry into web-based instruction in distance education. 4 Instructions for Writing the Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis 1. Discuss if the topic is of limited interest, regional, national, or perhaps of global interest? Explain why? You can include personal interest based on experience and potential applications. 2. Describe why it is worth studying (or examining)? 3. Indicate that the presentation of the Review of the Literature follows 4. Develop a concluding statement (see example above, in lecture) to the effect that a synopsis and interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are presented at the end of the review in the discussion section. Refine this part with each new draft. Review of the Literature About ___ (add your topic) Lecture This is the second major part of this critical analysis. This has a long lecture. Now is the time to write â€Å"your in-depth Literature Review†. You laid the foundations for this section in the Introduction to the Review, to organize your review according to those themes. Present the theoretical literature (theories, model, constructs, concepts) about those themes, and empirical literature (studies) regarding those themes, in a proper manner. Follow the instructions (see presenting theoretical literature, and presenting empirical literature) in this Review of the Literature section. If you present the literature appropriately in this body of the review, then you will have information to present in the Discussion of the Literature. If you don’t, this Review falls apart. Only literature presented in this Review of the Literature can be analyzed in the next section, Discussion of the Literature. You will save a stitch in time, if you follow instructions and learn how to present theories, and how to present studies, including the authors stated limitations and recommendations for future inquiry, in addition to your critique of those studies. †¢ General comments: The theoretical and empirical literature is summarized, analyzed, evaluated, and synthesized in a more in-depth â€Å"coherent† manner within organized headings and sublevel headings. Specifically, information pertaining to theoretical, empirical, methodological, critical review, and case studies about the topic is reported. As reported previously, expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature to present, that is of value and relevant. While many published Review articles may have more than 100 cited references, due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 â€Å"relevant†, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. This will increase to 50 references in the qualifying paper. It certainly isn’t unusual to have over 100 references in a dissertation. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Don’t use references from â€Å"consulting firms† or firms that are â€Å"promoting† their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. As you present literature in your â€Å"word† document, it is okay to talk to yourself. Make notes in the document to your self. You can use different font colors or highlights for these messages to yourself. o Perhaps you want to leave a message to yourself to review a particular article that you didn’t yet have the chance to review, or o you want to search another theme. o Or you read an article, but didn’t have a chance yet to write about it – jot down notes o Use the word file as a tool where you keep all information in one place. You will find this technique very helpful in developing the qualifying paper, and in developing the your dissertation. The instructor does not mind (and in fact encourages you do to this, even in final copies0. Just make the messages â€Å"neat† – and not to distracting) Of utmost importance, is that you present your review appropriately. Practice doing it correctly immediately or you will be WASTING time (having to redo it later). †¢ Your review must be organized within the headings/sublevel headings. Insert the outline developed in the Introduction to the Review. Make sure that the outline is consistent with the organization of themes, concepts add theories in your literature map. †¢ It is ok if you reorganize or rename the themes, but make the changes if the Organization of the R (and literature map, in the prior section). You want the Introduction to the Review, Review of the Literature, and the Discussion section all to be â€Å"internally consistent† with one another. †¢ Instructions follow on how to present CRITICALLY present, theoretical and empirical literature. FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS. Quotations and Paraphrasing and Critical Analysis †¢ This is a literature review, and not your opinion.